Unit 7: Period 7: 1890-1945

John Scopes

biology teacher that taught the theory of evolution to a high school class and was arrested and tried in 1925.

Progressives

were middle- class men and women who lived in the cities.

Woodrow Wilson

presented Congress a detailed list of War aims known as the 14 points.

National Youth Administation

provided part- time jobs to help young people stay in high school and college.

William Mcadoo

headed Railroad Administration to coordinate traffic and promote standardized railroad equipment.

Bryan

campaigned on a platform of free silver, anti- imperialism, and opposition to the annexation of the Philippines.

Mann Elkins Act

gave Interstate Commerce Commission power to suspend new railroads rates and overseeing telephone, telegraph, and cable companies.

Braceros

entered America in harvest season without going through formal immigration procedures.

Welfare capitalism

voluntarily offering employees improve benefits and higher wages to reduce interest in organizing unions.

Protestants

were native born and older stock Americans often from families of older.

Recall

enabled voters to remove a corrupt or unsatisfactory politician from office by majority vote.

Initiative

method by which voters could compel the legislature to consider a bill.

Kellogg Briand Pact

agreement to outlaw war signed on August 27, 1928 but was inneffective.

Stimson Doctrine

US response to Japan's violation of open door policy, declared that United States would honor its treaty obligations under nine power treaty by refusing to recognize their images see of any regime like manchukuo.

Works Progress Administration

employed most of the unemployed people on relief until the economy recovered.

Plessy versus Ferguson

separate but equal conditions in South.

Teheran

big 3 met and agreed that British and Americans would begin their drive to liberate France in Spring + soviets would invade germany and join hands with Japan.

Mary McLeod Bethune

established Federal Council on negro affairs for increasing African- American involvement in the New Deal.

5 power treaty

ratio with respect to largest warships.

Dawes plan

Germany's annual reparation payments would be reduced, increasing over time as its economy improved; the full amount to be paid, however, was left undetermined.

William Jennings Bryan

wanted to negotiate treaties in which nations pledged to submit disputes to International commissions and observe a one- year cooling off period before taking military action.

Herbert hoover

took charge of the Food Administration encouraging Americans to eat less meat and bread to ship abroad for French and British troops.

Post war recession

included lengthy period of business prosperity and ended with economic disaster.

Rhineland

the region in Western Germany was supposed to be demilitarized according to the Versailles treaty but Hitler defied treaty in order for German troops to March

HUERTA

fell from power in late 1914 and was replaced by a Democratic regime led by venesthesgiano Carranza.

Resettlement Administration

provided loans to sharecroppers, tenants, and small farmers+ established Federal camps where migrant workers could find decent housing.

Great White Fleet

TR sent battleships on cruise + Japan welcomed the arrival.

Sudetenland

Hitler took over today the land but prime minister Chamberlain and the French president with Roosevelt's support met with Hitler and Mussolini allowing Hitler to take city and land unopposed (Munich pact)

Turning Point 1942

dominated by naval battling, intercepting, and decoding messages to destroy Japanese carriers in the BATTLE OF MIDWAY.

Invasion of Poland

German tanks and plains became full-scale invasion and war with its Axis allies.

Preparedness

Roosevelt argued for neutrality and an arms build up at the same time.

Dust Bowl

result of poor farming practices coupled with the high winds.

Eleanor Roosevelt

emerged as leader in her own right and became most active first lady in history.

Monroe Doctrine

warned European powers to stay out of Latin America.

Wall Street Crash

the long period of speculation that preceded it, during which millions of people invested their savings or borrowed money to buy stocks, pushing prices to unsustainable levels.

Selective Service Act

government required all men between 21 and 30 to register for induction into Army through a democratic method.

Business Doctrine

death of Roosevelt with disillusionment over the war lead to accepting the idea of limited government regulation as an aid to stabilize the business.

Monroe Doctrine

warned European powers to stay out of Latin America

Jones Act of 1916

granted full territorial status to the country, guaranteed a Bill of Rights and Universal male suffrage, promised Independence for the Philippines as soon as a stable government was established

Initiative

method by which voters could compel the legislature to consider a bill

Recall

  enabled voters to remove a corrupt or unsatisfactory politician from office by majority vote

16th Amendment

authorized US government to collect income tax

child labor act

prohibited the shipment in interstate commerce of products manufactured by children under 14 years old but later struck down to be in constitutional

Schenck v. US

  Supreme Court  upheld the constitutionality of the Espionage Acts + free speech could be limited when it presented a clear and present danger to Public Safety

Palmer Raids

Michelle Palmer ordered mass arrest of anarchist, socialist, Labor agitators many were arrested based on limited criminal evidence

Business Doctrine

death of Roosevelt with disillusionment over the war lead to accepting the idea of limited government regulation as an aid to stabilize the business

welfare capitalism

  voluntarily offering employees improve benefits and higher wages to reduce interest in organizing unions

21st Amendment

  repealed 18th and millions celebrated

quota of 1921

  limited immigration to 3% of foreign-born persons from a nation

5-power treaty

ratio with respect to larget warships

Dawes plan

Germany's annual reparation payments would be reduced, increasing over time as its economy improved; the full amount to be paid, however, was left undetermined

Wall Street Crash

the long period of speculation that preceded it, during which millions of people invested their savings or borrowed money to buy stocks, pushing prices to unsustainable levels

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

Set tax increases ranging from 31% to 49% on foreign Imports

Eleanor Roosevelt

  emerged as leader in her own right and  became most active first lady in history

the glass-steagall ACT

increased regulation of the banks and limited how Banks could invest customers money

Court reorganization plan

  proposed that president be authorized appoint the Supreme Court and additional Justice for each current Justice older than 70 and a half years (allowed Roosevelt to add up to six more justices to the court)

Dust Bowl

result of poor farming practices coupled with the high winds

Neutrality Act of 1935

  authorized president to prohibit all arm shipments and prohibit US citizens to travel on ships of belligerent nations

Neutrality Act of 1936

  forbade the extension of loans and credits to belligerents

Neutrality Act of 1937

  for bad shipment of arms to opposing sides in the Civil War in Spain

lend-lease Act

  proposed ending Cash & Carry requirements of Neutrality Act and permitting Britain to obtain arms needed on credit

Island-Hopping

US began striking Japans home islands by seizing locations in the Pacific