Chapter 8.4 AP World Vocab

Land reform

the process of breaking up large landholdings to attain a more balanced land distribution among farmers

People's Communes

large-scale rural communities that were in charge of nearly all aspects of political, social, and economic life in the Chinese countryside from the late 1950s until the early 1980s, when they were disbanded and replaced by household and village-based agricultural production.

Cultural Revolution

Campaign in China ordered by Mao Zedong to purge the Communist Party of his opponents and instill revolutionary and patriotic values in the younger generation, purging all capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society like religion.

Theocracy

A government controlled by religious leaders

Mao Zedong

(1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People's Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976.

Red Guards

the radical youth of the Cultural Revolution in China starting in 1966. Often wore red armbands and carried Mao's Little Red Book.

Chinese Revolution

Long revolutionary process in the period 1912-1949 that began with the overthrow of the Chinese imperial system and ended with the triumph of the Communist Party under the leadership of Mao Zedong.

Geneva Accords

A 1954 peace agreement that divided Vietnam into Communist-controlled North Vietnam and non-Communist South Vietnam until unification elections could be held in 1956

White Revolution

occurred in Iran in 1962, the Shah's attempt appease the Iranian citizens; called for economic and and political reforms: created land reform, profit sharing, and women's right to vote

Ho Chi Minh

1950s and 60s; communist leader of North Vietnam; used geurilla warfare to fight anti-comunist, American-funded attacks under the Truman Doctrine; brilliant strategy drew out war and made it unwinnable

Workers' Party of Ethiopia

A Marxist-Leninist communist party of Ethiopia led by Mariam. Was stablished in 1984 that aimed to implement socialism in Ethiopia, particularly following the overthrow of the imperial regime. This party played a crucial role in the political landscape during the Derg regime, focusing on creating a one-party state and promoting communist ideologies amid a backdrop of civil war and famine in the country.

Chile peasant farming

the agricultural practices and socioeconomic conditions of rural farmers in Chile, particularly during the 20th century when land reform policies aimed to redistribute land to peasant communities.

Mohammad Pahlavi

Dictator of Iran from 1941-1979

He fled during the Iranian Revolution. Introduced the White Revolution, a series of reforms aimed at transforming Iran into a global power and modernizing the nation by nationalizing key industries and redistributing land.

Haile Selassie

Emperor of Ethiopia. Known for modernizing his country, for helping to establish the Organization of African Unity (now the African Union) in 1963, for his exile (1936-41), and for being overthrown in 1974. He was also regarded as the messiah of the African race by many Rastas.

Mohammad Mosaddegh

was the democratically elected Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953 when he was overthrown in a coup d'état backed by the United States Central Intelligence Agency

Mengistu Mariam

Leader of Ethiopia from 1974 to 1991, serving as a prominent figure in the Derg, a Marxist-Leninist military junta that established a socialist state in Ethiopia. His regime is significant in the context of the spread of communism after 1900, as it exemplifies how communist ideologies influenced governance in Africa during the Cold War, leading to both internal repression and international alignments.