Pharm Quiz 2

Respiratory

first generation sedating antihistamines action

bind to H1 receptors to block the release of histamine

first generation sedating antihistamines uses

mild allergic reactions, mild transfusion reactions, urticaria (hives), motion sickness

second generation non-sedating antihistamine action

antagonize histamine effects at H1 receptor sites without binding to or inactivating histamine

second generation non-sedating antihistamine uses

allergic rhinitis, chronic idiopathic urticaria (hives with unknown cause)

corticosteroid action

suppress the immune system by preventing the release of leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and histamine and decrease inflammation/edema of airways

corticosteroid uses

long-term management of chronic asthma and COPD

leukotriene modifiers action

suppress the effects of leukotrienes (mediators that cause allergic reactions such as inflammation and mucus production)

leukotriene modifiers uses

allergic rhinitis, asthma, exercise-induced bronchospasm

beta2 adrenergic agents action

stimulate the beta2-adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic nervous system resulting in bronchodilation

beta2-adrenergic agents uses

relieve bronchospasms and asthma

xanthine action

relax smooth muscles of bronchi by blocking phosphodiesterase

xanthine uses

long-term management of chronic stable asthma

dextromethorphan action

suppress cough reflex in the medulla oblongata

dextromethorphan uses

chronic, nonproductive coughing 

pseudoephedrine action

acts directly on adrenergic receptors and acts indirectly by releasing norepinephrine thus producing vasoconstriction

pseudoephedrine uses

temporary relief of symptoms associated with nasal congestion due to the common cold, allergies, and sinuses

salmeterol action

stimulate the beta2-adrenergic receptors resulting in bronchodilation

salmeterol uses

long-term bronchodilation; maintenance of COPD

cromolyn action

suppress inflammation by preventing the release of leukotrienes and histamine

cromolyn uses

long-term allergy-related asthma

montelukast action

prevent activation of leukotrienes to assist in decreasing bronchoconstriction and inflammation

montelukast uses

allergic rhinitis, asthma, exercise-induced bronchospasm

calfactant action

exogenous pulmonary surfactant that spreads across the alveolar surface and reduces surface tension at the air-liquid interface to prevent alveolar collapse during expiration

calfactant uses

respiratory distress syndrome caused by surfactant deficiency in premature infants

triamcinolone action

inhibits recruitment of inflammatory cells resulting in decreased airway inflammation and edema

triamcinolone uses

maintenance treatment of asthma

ipratropium action

inhibit the action of acetylcholine at the muscarine receptor in the parasympathetic system resulting in bronchodilation

ipratropium uses

airflow disorders, COPD

fluticasone/salmeterol (advair) action

work together to treat inflammation in the airways and treat bronchoconstriction by relaxing the bronchial smooth muscles through beta2 receptor stimulation 

fluticasone/salmeterol (advair) uses

maintenance treatment of COPD

meclizine action

blocks histamine receptors in the brain

meclizine uses

motion sickness, vertigo

diphenhydramine action

bind to H1 receptors to block the release of histamine

diphenhydramine uses

mild allergic reactions, mild transfusion reactions, urticaria (hives)

nonpharmacological cold treatment

adequate fluid intake, humidification of the environment, sucking on hard candy to relieve mouth dryness

type I hypersensitivity

immediate hypersensitivity; production of IgE specific to that antigen which then binds to mast cells; severe anaphylaxis

type II hypersensitivity

mediated by IgG or IgM, generated direct damage to the cell surface; includes blood transfusion reactions

type III hypersensitivity

IgG or IgM mediated reaction characterized by formation of antigen-antibody complexes that induce an acute inflammatory reaction in the tissues

type IV hypersensitivity

delayed hypersensitivity; cell-mediated response in which sensitized T lymphocytes react with an antigen to cause inflammation mediated by release of lymphokines; classic reaction is tuberculin test, contact dermatitis

allergic rhinitis

occurs as a response to an allergen, IgE mediated inflammatory response of the nasal mucosa caused by type I hypersensitivity; nasal congestion, itching, sneezing, cough

allergic contact rhinitis

type IV hypersensitivity resulting from direct contact with antigens to which a person has previously become sensitized; poison ivy

allergic food reactions

immune response to the ingestion of a protein

asthma

airway disorder characterized by airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, airway hyperresponsiveness to various stimuli

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

characterized by chronic bronchitis (frequent cough with sputum production) and emphysema (enlargement and destruction of the alveoli from long-term lung damage and inflammation)

best medication for asthma

daily inhaled corticosteroids on a regular schedule