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Network address
The bits of the subnet mask that are 1
Ex. 255.255.0.0 = network address bits of 16, because 8 + 8 bits
Host address/Host ID
The bits of the subnet mask that remains 0, not 1
Ex. 255.0.0.0 = host ID of 24, because 8+8+8 bits
0 - 127
Class A address range
Subnet mask of 255.0.0.0
128 - 191
Class B address range
Subnet mask of 255.255.0.0
192 - 223
Class C address range
Subnet mask of 255.255.255.0
224 - 239
Class D address range, multicast
240 - 255
Class E address range, reserved
Finding the network address
Change all the host bits to 0
Ex. for address 172.16.88.200, the network address is 172.16.0.0 (because Class B, subnet mask of 255.255.0.0)
Finding the host address
Add 1 to the network address
Ex. network address is 172.16.0.0 + 1 = 172.16.0.1
Finding the broadcast address
Set all host bits to 1
Ex. address of 172.16.88.200, the broadcast address is 172.16.255.255 (because Class B, subnet mask is 255.255.0.0)
Finding the last host address
Subtract one from the broadcast address
Ex. broadcast address of 172.16.255.255, -1 = 172.16.255.254