Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Notes

These flashcards cover essential concepts and terms related to biodiversity and conservation biology as discussed in the lecture notes, including migratory patterns, specific species information, ecological impacts, and conservation efforts.

What migration phenomena occurs annually in the Serengeti?

More than 1.2 million wildebeest, over 700,000 zebras, and hundreds of thousands of antelope migrate.

What major threat is the Serengeti facing due to proposed infrastructure development?

A commercial highway could block migratory routes, threatening wildlife.

When was Serengeti National Park established?

1951.

What is the main function of the African Network for Animal Welfare regarding the proposed highway?

They sought to stop construction through a lawsuit.

What are the primary components of species diversity?

Species richness and evenness.

What does the term 'genetic diversity' refer to?

The differences in DNA composition among individuals within a species.

What significant decline is affecting populations in Tanzania?

Poaching is on the rise, and animal populations are failing.

What is the global significance of the Serengeti's biodiversity?

Its impacts have global ramifications for Earth's biological diversity.

What are biodiversity hotspots?

Regions that support a high number of endemic species and are threatened by habitat loss.

What is the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the United States?

A law that protects species judged to be endangered or threatened.

What role do conservation genetics play in wildlife management?

They help determine minimum viable population sizes to prevent inbreeding depression.

What is the impact of climate change on biodiversity?

Increasing temperatures and extreme weather events put many plants and animals at risk of extinction.

What is the economic benefit of ecotourism in Tanzania?

Ecotourism accounts for a significant portion of foreign money entering Tanzania's economy.

What conservation strategy involves local communities in wildlife protection?

Community-Based Conservation.

What is the primary cause of biodiversity loss identified by scientists?

Habitat loss.

Which species are mentioned as victims of decline due to poaching and habitat loss?

American bison, elephant seals, and cheetahs.

What recent conservation effort involved the California condor?

Captive breeding and reintroduction programs helped increase their population.

What does extirpation mean?

The local extinction of a species from a given area.

What disastrous consequences can occur from removing keystone species?

Significant alterations to ecological systems and food chains.

How has the introduction of non-native species affected native wildlife?

Non-native species can outcompete or prey upon native species.

What are some effects of habitat fragmentation on wildlife?

It can block animals from migration and reduce genetic diversity.