Topic 7: Society & Culture Before the Civil War

Industrial Revolution

Event that brought more factories & jobs to the north

North

• More population

• More urbanization

• More miles of railroad

South

• Relied more on agriculture

• Relied more on slavery

• Had less transportation/communication l

Cotton

Crop that was important to both sections

Blacks in both North&South experienced…

Prejudice/discrimination

Slave codes

Laws that controlled slaves’ lives

2nd Great Awakening

A religious movement in the early 1800s when ppl experienced conversions.

Revivals

Outdoor religious meetings

Dorothea Dix

The woman who worked for reforms for disabled & imprisoned.

2 prison reforms were..

For the Mentally ill & Debtors

Temperance Movement

Movement to ban/restrict use of alcohol.

Horace Mann

Important education reformer from Massachusetts

Schools for ppl with disabilities were…

Schools for the Deaf & Blind

Angelina Grimke

An abolitionist that hated slavery bc she thought it would tarnish the slave owner’s relationship with God.

Fredrick Douglass

A former slave from Maryland who escaped and became a powerful writer and public speaker.

William Lloyd Garrison

A white abolitionist who published an anti-slavery newspaper called “The Liberator.”

Seneca Falls Convention

The meeting held in 1848.

Declaration of Sentiments

The document expressing desire for equal rights for women.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Lucretia Mott

The leaders of the meeting in Seneca Falls

Suffrage

The right to vote

15th Amendment

It gave African American men the right to vote

19th Amendment

It gave women the right to vote

Why were some ppl anti-suffragists?

• Women were “high strung, irrational and emotional.”

• They would “become more masculine.”

• Women should “stay at home.”

Alice Paul

Suffragist who pushed for constitutional amendment and used “un-ladylike” strategies.

Hudson River School

Group of Americans who painted landscapes.

John James Audubon painted…

Wildlife, especially birds

Wyoming

The 1st state to grant women suffrage

Why did Western states give woman suffrage?

• It helped increase population

• Women helped settle West

Some popular themes in poetry/novels/short stories were..

• U S. Democracy, social issues, history, right vs. wrong, horror

Gospel Music

Musical genre developed by African Americans in the 1800s

Famous poets/writers were…

• Edgar Allen Poe

• Emily Dickinson

• John Greenleaf Whittier

The Underground Railroad

A network of ppl, houses and secret hiding places used but slaves to escape slavery.

Conductors

People who guided slaves

Stockholders

People who funded the necessities for the Underground Railroad

Canada

The ultimate ideal place for slaves to escape

Harriet Tubman

The female conductor known as “Moses.”

Transcendentalists

New England writers who believed that truth transcended beyond human reason.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

The leader of the Transcendentalists

Civil disobedience

Men who practiced non-violence while protesting

Transcendentalism emphasized a connection to…

Social issues

Many transcendentalists were involved in other…

Protests/social issues