ap chem ch. 9 IMFs

molecular particle diagram

network covalent particle diagram

ionic particle diagram

metallic particle diagram

network covalent characteristics

high melting points, insoluble, low electrical conductivity

ionic characteristics

high melting points, soluble, low electrical conductivity

metallic characteristics

moderately high melting points, insoluble, high electrical conductivity

molecular characteristics

low melting points, soluble if polar/insoluble if nonpolar, low electrical conductivity

interstitial alloy

random extra atoms scattered throughout the mixture

substitutional alloy

metal ion B replaces metal ion A

coulomb’s law

F = (kq₁q₂)/r²

vapor pressure

characteristic property—pressure of a vapor in equilibrium with a liquid

critical temperature

temperature above which a liquid of a pure substance cannot exist (X)

critical pressure

pressure that must be applied to cause condensation at a specific temperature; vapor pressure at critical temperature

triple point

point where all phases are in equilibrium with each other and all phases are present (Y)

sublimation

solid changes directly to vapor

deposition

vapor changes directly to solid

dipole forces

negative pole attracted to positive pole of a molecule

nonpolar molecule characteristics

electrons evenly distributed, no permanent pos/neg end, symmetrical

polar molecule characteristics

electrons unevenly distributed, permanent pos/neg ends, asymmetrical

electron sea model

positive ions anchored in a sea of electrons