Macromolecules in Cell & Genetic Biology

These flashcards cover key concepts related to macromolecules, their definitions, and functions as discussed in the Cell & Genetic Biology laboratory notes.

Macromolecules

Large polymers composed of long chains of molecular sub-units called monomers.

Monomer

A molecule that can react with other molecules to form very large molecules, or polymers.

Polymer

A chain of an unspecified number of monomers, forming large compounds.

Carbohydrates

Macromolecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a specific ratio, primarily serving as a source of energy.

Amino Acids

Monomers that compose proteins and contain an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain.

Nucleotides

Monomers that make up nucleic acids, consisting of a phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogenous base.

Monosaccharides

The simplest form of carbohydrates, also known as simple sugars.

Lipids

Macromolecules including fats, with the base monomer being glycerol combined with fatty acids.

Functions of Macromolecules

Biological roles such as providing energy, cell structure, and storing genetic information.

Biological Macromolecules

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids that perform critical functions in living organisms.