Chapter 12 Organizing Your Presentation

narrative coherence

feature exhibited by a story with content that hangs together and makes sense

narrative fidelity

the degree to which a story matches our own beliefs and experiences

Chronological pattern

an organizational pattern in which the main points are arranged in a time-order sequence

Topical pattern

no formal systematic organization is required, . You can organize your presentation by considering what will be most useful to your listener.

spatial pattern

pattern that arranges points by location

cause-and-effect pattern

an order of presentation in which the speaker first explains the causes of an event, problem, or issue and then discusses its consequences

problem-cause-solution pattern

the first main point demonstrates a problem that needs to be addressed, the second explains the cause of the problem, and the third presents a solution that can minimize the problem

What is the first step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence?

Attention: Capture the audience's interest using a story, statistic, example, quotation, or rhetorical question.

What is the second step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence?

Need: Establish a problem and its significance.

What is the third step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence?

Satisfaction: Set up a detailed plan of action to solve the need.

What is the fourth step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence?

Visualization: Provide the advantages of the plan and help the audience visualize it in action.

What is the final step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence?

Action: Tell the audience the immediate actions they can take to implement the plan and solve the problem.

Rhetorical Question

does not invite an actual response.

Direct Question

a question that demands an overt response from the audience, usually by a show of hands

Anecdote

executed with detail, imagery, or humor and can quickly pull the audience into your speech.

Section transitions

indicate the speaker is moving from one main point to another. These types of transitions serve to remind the audience of what was just discussed and what will be coming up next.

Nonverbal transitions

utilize physical movement to indicate to the audience that you are switching points in the presentation.

internal preview

lets the audience know the specific information that you will discuss next.

Internal summaries

opposite of internal previews: They remind the audience members of what they just heard or learned.

Signposts

brief phrases or words that let the audience know exactly where you are in the presentation

First Step of Introduction

Attention-getting device

Second Step of Introduction

Introducing your thesis

Third Step of Introduction

Demonstrating the importance and credibility

Fourth step of Introduction

Preview of main points

full-sentence outline

a formal outline that uses complete sentences,

keyword outline

an outline that uses words and phrases