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narrative coherence
feature exhibited by a story with content that hangs together and makes sense
narrative fidelity
the degree to which a story matches our own beliefs and experiences
Chronological pattern
an organizational pattern in which the main points are arranged in a time-order sequence
Topical pattern
no formal systematic organization is required, . You can organize your presentation by considering what will be most useful to your listener.
spatial pattern
pattern that arranges points by location
cause-and-effect pattern
an order of presentation in which the speaker first explains the causes of an event, problem, or issue and then discusses its consequences
problem-cause-solution pattern
the first main point demonstrates a problem that needs to be addressed, the second explains the cause of the problem, and the third presents a solution that can minimize the problem
What is the first step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence?
Attention: Capture the audience's interest using a story, statistic, example, quotation, or rhetorical question.
What is the second step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence?
Need: Establish a problem and its significance.
What is the third step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence?
Satisfaction: Set up a detailed plan of action to solve the need.
What is the fourth step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence?
Visualization: Provide the advantages of the plan and help the audience visualize it in action.
What is the final step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence?
Action: Tell the audience the immediate actions they can take to implement the plan and solve the problem.
Rhetorical Question
does not invite an actual response.
Direct Question
a question that demands an overt response from the audience, usually by a show of hands
Anecdote
executed with detail, imagery, or humor and can quickly pull the audience into your speech.
Section transitions
indicate the speaker is moving from one main point to another. These types of transitions serve to remind the audience of what was just discussed and what will be coming up next.
Nonverbal transitions
utilize physical movement to indicate to the audience that you are switching points in the presentation.
internal preview
lets the audience know the specific information that you will discuss next.
Internal summaries
opposite of internal previews: They remind the audience members of what they just heard or learned.
Signposts
brief phrases or words that let the audience know exactly where you are in the presentation
First Step of Introduction
Attention-getting device
Second Step of Introduction
Introducing your thesis
Third Step of Introduction
Demonstrating the importance and credibility
Fourth step of Introduction
Preview of main points
full-sentence outline
a formal outline that uses complete sentences,
keyword outline
an outline that uses words and phrases
