A.2.2 cell structure

nucleus

contains cell’s genetic material (DNA)

mitochondria

generates ATP thru cellular respiration

ribosomes

protein synthesis

rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)

carries materials throughout the cell, lined w/ ribosomes that make proteins for use OUTSIDE of cell

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER)

lipid synthesis, calcium ion storage

golgi apparatus

modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from ER for storage or transport out of cell

lysosome

contains digestive enzymes

cytoskeleton

provides structural support for cell, facilitates cell movement, and aids in intracellular transport; microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments

plasma membrane

separates cell from surrounding environment, selective barrier for import and export of materials

vacuole

fluid-filled organelles that store materials such as food, water, sugar, minerals and waste products; MUCH larger in plant cells

chloroplast

converts solar energy to sugar; makes plants green because they contain chlorophyll; site of photosynthesis

cell wall

provides structural support, protection, and rigidity to cell

cytoplasm

fluid, or gel-like substance, that fills the cell; the organelles and other particles float in it

nucleolus

found inside nucleus, produces ribosomes

phagocytic vacuole

vacuole that breaks down food particles or bacteria