Nursing Care of the Child resportory

This set of flashcards covers key concepts from the lecture notes on Nursing Care of the Child, specifically focused on respiratory dysfunction and related diseases.

What is the cause of most acute illnesses in children?

Respiratory infections.

What are the components of the upper respiratory tract?

Oro-nasopharynx, pharynx, larynx, and trachea.

How does pediatric rib cartilage differ from adult cartilage?

Pediatric rib cartilage is more springy, making the chest wall less rigid.

What anatomical difference in infants can obstruct the airway when lying flat?

A larger head causes the neck to flex.

Why are children's airways more prone to complications from inflammation?

Children have a smaller internal diameter of the airways.

What type of breathing is primarily used by infants, making nasal obstruction critical?

Nose breathing only.

What is a key characteristic of respiratory rates in children compared to adults?

Children have higher respiratory rates.

What assessment might indicate impaired respiratory function in children?

Nursing assessment focuses on maintaining airway patency and oxygenation.

What are common signs of pediatric respiratory distress?

Nasal flaring, head bobbing, retractions, tachypnea, and cyanosis.

What is the common cold clinically known as?

Acute viral nasopharyngitis.

Which viruses are common causes of the common cold?

RSV, rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza, and parainfluenza viruses.

What is a common treatment for acute viral nasopharyngitis?

Antipyretics like acetaminophen or ibuprofen.

What should be avoided in the treatment of infants and toddlers with colds?

Over-the-counter cold medications.

What bacterial infection is commonly referred to as strep throat?

Acute streptococcal pharyngitis.

What is a key diagnostic evaluation for strep throat?

Positive throat culture or rapid antigen testing.

What is the recommended pharmacologic treatment for strep throat?

Oral penicillin or amoxicillin for 10 days.

What is a significant complication of untreated strep throat?

Acute rheumatic fever.

What are common symptoms of tonsillitis?

Swollen tonsils, difficulty swallowing, and cough.

What pharmacologic treatment is used for bacterial tonsillitis?

Oral penicillin or amoxicillin.

What complications can arise from tonsillitis?

Bleeding, airway obstruction, and difficulty breathing.

What is infectious mononucleosis commonly associated with?

Epstein-Barr virus.

What is a critical symptom to monitor in patients with mononucleosis?

Airway obstruction.

What viral infection is characterized by sudden onset fever and chills?

Influenza.

What is a key preventive measure against influenza?

Annual influenza vaccine.

What is the main cause of otitis media in children?

Bacterial and viral infections.

What is a common treatment for otitis media?

Oral amoxicillin for 5 to 7 days.

What age group is most at risk for croup syndromes?

Children aged 6 months to 3 years.

Acute epiglottitis is primarily caused by which bacteria?

H. influenzae type B.

What is an important nursing management consideration for acute laryngotracheobronchitis?

Monitor for signs of airway obstruction.

What is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children?

Bacterial infections like Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Which pharmacologic treatment is fundamental in managing pneumonia?

High-dose amoxicillin or cephalosporins.

What is a severe complication of asthma that may require immediate airway intervention?

Status asthmaticus.

What is the main genetic cause of cystic fibrosis?

Autosomal recessive genetic mutation.

What is a classic symptom of cystic fibrosis?

Salty skin due to high chloride levels.

What is the recommended prevention strategy for respiratory infections in children?

Regular handwashing and vaccination adherence.