Understanding Acid-Base Chemistry

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to acid-base chemistry, including definitions and important chemical processes.

Deprotonation

The process of removing a proton (H+) from an acid to form its conjugate base.

pH Prediction

The method of estimating the acidity or basicity of a solution using equilibrium constants.

ICE Table

A table used to determine the concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium in a chemical reaction.

Ka (Acid Dissociation Constant)

The equilibrium constant that measures the strength of an acid in solution.

Lewis Acid

A species that accepts an electron pair from a Lewis base.

Lewis Base

A species that donates an electron pair to a Lewis acid.

Strong Acid

An acid that fully ionizes in solution, yielding a high concentration of hydrogen ions.

Weak Acid

An acid that only partially ionizes in solution, resulting in a lower concentration of hydrogen ions.

Dative Bond

A covalent bond in which both electrons are donated by one atom.

Hydronium Ion (H3O+)

The ion that forms when an acid donates a proton to water.

Arrhenius Acid

A substance that increases the concentration of H+ ions when dissolved in water.

Arrhenius Base

A substance that increases the concentration of OH- ions when dissolved in water.

Amphoteric Species

A substance that can act as either an acid or a base, depending on the chemical environment.

Acid-Base Neutralization

A reaction between an acid and a base that produces water and a salt.

Electron Pair Donation

The transfer of an electron pair from a Lewis base to a Lewis acid.

Hydrolysis

The chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.