WGU C851 (Linux Foundations)

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Which of the following programs are web servers?

Apache HTTPD, NGINX

What are the differences between hard disk drives and solid state disks?

Hard disks have a motor and moving parts, solid state disks do not.
Solid state disks provide faster access to stored data than hard disks.

Reverse DNS assigns hostnames to IP addresses. How is the name of the IP address 198.51.100.165 stored on a DNS server?

In the PTR record for 165.100.51.198.in-addr.arpa.

Which of the following types of bus can connect hard disk drives with the motherboard?

The SATA bus

Members of a team already have experience using Red Hat Enterprise Linux. For a small hobby project, the team wants to set up a Linux server without paying for a subscription. Which of the following Linux distributions allows the team members to apply as much of their Red Hat Enterprise Linux knowledge as possible?

CentOS

What information can be displayed by top?

Running processes, ordered by CPU or RAM consumption.

Which of the following commands can be used to resolve a DNS name to an IP address?

host

Which of the following outputs comes from the command free?

total used free shared buff/cached available

total used free shared buff/cached available

What is true about the dmesg command?

It displays the content of the Linux kernel's ring buffer and it might not display older information because it was overwritten by newer information.

Which of the following outputs could stem from the command last?

root tty2 Wed May 17 21:11 - 21:11 (00:00)

What is the UID of the user root?

0

Which permissions are set on a regular file once the permissions have been modified with the command chmod 654 file.txt?

-rw-r-xr--

What is true about the owner of a file?

Each file is owned by exactly one user and one group.

Which of the following permissions are set on the /tmp/ directory?

A. rwxrwxrwt

B. ------rwX

C. rwSrw-rw-

D. rwxrwS---

E. r-xr-X--t

rwxrwxrwt

Which command adds the new user tux and creates the user's home directory with default configuration files?

useradd ""m tux

What information is stored in /etc/passwd?

The numerical user ID, username, the user/s default shell

Which of the following tar options handle compression?

-z
-j

What keyword is used in a shell script to begin a loop? (Specify one keyword only, without any additional information.)

FOR

Which of the following commands creates an archive file work.tar from the contents of the directory ./work/?

tar -cf work.tar ./work/

Which of the following keys can be pressed to exit less?

q

The current directory contains the following file:
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 859688 Feb 7 08:15 test.sh
Given that the file is a valid shell script, how can this script be executed?

./test.sh
or
bash test.sh

Which of the following commands sorts the output of the command export-logs?

export-logs | sort

A directory contains the following files:

• a.txt

• b.txt

• c.cav

What would be the output of the following shell script?
for file in *.txt
do
echo "$file"
done

a. txt b. txt

Which of the following commands will search for the file foo.txt under the directory /home?

find /home name foo.txt

The current directory contains the following file:
-rw-r""r"" 1 root exec 24551 Apr 2 12:36 test.sh
The file contains a valid shell script, but executing this file using ./test.sh leads to this error:
bash: ./test.sh: Permission denied
What should be done in order to successfully execute the script?

The execute bit should be set in the file's permissions.

What is a Linux distribution?

A bundling of the Linux kernel, system utilities and other software.

Which package management tool is used in Red Hat-based Linux Systems?

rpm

Which of the following programs is a graphical editor for vector graphics?

Inkscape

Where is the operating system of a Raspberry Pi stored?

On a removable SD card which is put into the Raspberry Pi.

What is defined by a Free Software license?

Conditions for modifying and distributing the licensed software.

Why are web browser cookies considered dangerous?

Cookies support identification and tracking of users.

Which of the following are typical services offered by public cloud providers?

Platform as a Service(PaaS), Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS)

Which of the following characters in a shell prompt indicates the shell is running with root privileges?

#

Which of the following commands are used to get information on the proper use of ls?

man ls
info ls

What is true about a recursive directory listing?

It includes the content of sub-directories.

Running the command rm Downloads leads to the following error:
rm: cannot remove "˜Downloads/': Is a directory
Which of the following commands can be used instead to remove Downloads, assuming Downloads is empty?

rmdir Downloads
or
rm -r Downloads

Which of the following directories contains information, documentation and example configuration files for installed software packages?

/usr/share/doc/

Which of the following commands adds the directory /new/dir/ to the PATH environment variable?

export PATH=/new/dir: $PATH

A user is currently in the directory /home/user/Downloads/ and runs the command ls ../Documents/ Assuming it exists, which directory's content is displayed?

/home/user/Documents/

A directory contains the following three files:

• texts 1.txt

• texts 2.txt

• texts 3.csv

Which command copies the two files ending in .txt to the /tmp/ directory?

cp *.txt /tmp/

When typing a long command line at the shell, what single character can be used to split a command across multiple lines?

\ backlash

Which of the following DNS record types hold an IP address?

AAAA
A

Which of the following values could be a process ID on Linux?

21398

Which of the following is a protocol used for automatic IP address configuration?

DHCP

Which of the following devices represents a hard disk partition?

/dev/sda2

Which of the following statements regarding Linux hardware drivers is correct?

Drivers are either compiled into the Linux kernel or are loaded as kernel modules.

What can be found in the /proc/ directory?

One directory per running process.

A new server needs to be installed to host services for a period of several years. Throughout this time, the server should receive important security updates from its Linux distribution. Which of the following Linux distributions meet these requirements?

Ubuntu Linux LTS, Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Which of the following directories must be mounted with read and write access if it resides on its own dedicated file system?

/var

The ownership of the file doku.odt should be changed. The new owner is named tux. Which command accomplishes this change?

chown tux doku.odt

What happens to a file residing outside the home directory when the file owner's account is deleted?

The UID of the former owner is shown when listing the file's details and the ownership + permissions of the file remain unchanged.

Which statements about the directory /etc/skel are correct?

The files from the directory are copied to the home directory of a new user when the account is created.
The directory contains a default set of configuration files used by the useradd command.

What is true about links in a Linux file system?

A symbolic link can point to a file on another file system.

Which files are the source of the information in the following output? uid=1000 (bob) gid=1000 (bob) groups=1000 (bob), 10 (wheel), 150 (wireshark), 989 (docker), 1001 (libvirt)

/etc/passwd
/etc/group

Which of the following tasks can the command passwd accomplish?

Change a user's password
Lock a user account

What is true about the su command?

It runs a shell or command as another user.

What parameter of ls prints a recursive listing of a directory's content? (Specify ONLY the option name without any values or parameters.)

ls -R

Most commands on Linux can display information on their usage. How can this information typically be displayed?

By running the command with the option -h or --help.

Which of the following commands shows the absolute path to the current working directory?

pwd

Which of the following commands output the content of the file Texts 2.txt?

cat 'Texts 2.txt'
cat Texts\ 2.txt

Which command displays file names only and no additional information?

ls -a

What is the purpose of the PATH environment variable?

It allows the execution of commands without the need to know the location of the executable.

Which of the following commands sets the variable USERNAME to the value bob?

USERNAME=bob

What command displays manual pages? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)

MAN

Which command copies the contents of the directory /etc/, including all sub-directories, to /root/?

cp -r /etc/* /root

Which of the following commands puts the lines of the file data.csv into alphabetical order?

sort data.csv

Which of the following examples shows the general structure of a for loop in a shell script?

for file in *.txt do echo $i done

Which operator in a regular expression matches the preceding character either zero or one time?

*

The file script.sh in the current directory contains the following content:
#!/bin/bash
echo $MYVAR
The following commands are used to execute this script:
MYVAR=value -./script.sh
The result is an empty line instead of the content of the variable MYVAR. How should MYVAR be set in order to make script.sh display the content of MYVAR?

export MYVAR=value

What is the return value of a shell script after successful execution?

0

Which of the following commands creates the ZIP archive poems.zip containing all files in the current directory whose names end in .txt?

zip poems.zip *.txt

Which of the following statements are true regarding a typical shell script?

It has the executable permission bit set, and starts with the two character sequence #!.

Which of the following commands extracts the contents of the compressed archive file1.tar.gz?

tar -xzf file1.tar.gz

Which of the following commands finds all lines in the file operating-systems.txt which contain the term linux, regardless of the case?

grep -i linux operating-systems.txt

Which one of the following statements concerning Linux passwords is true?

Passwords are only stored in hashed form.

Which of the following Linux Distributions is derived from Red Hat Enterprise Linux?

CentOS

Which of the following statements is true about Free Software?

It may be modified by anyone using it.

How is a new Linux computing instance provisioned in an laaS cloud?

The cloud hosting organization provides a set of pre-prepared images of popular Linux distributions.

What are the differences between a private web browser window and a regular web browser window?

Private web browsing windows do not store cookies, they do not keep records in the browser history, and they do not send regular stored cookies.

What is the preferred source for the installation of new applications in a Linux based operating system?

The distribution's package repository

What information is stored in /etc/passwd?

The numerical user ID, the username, and the user/s default shell