Virus Life Cycle & Genetic Transfer

Virus

A small infectious agent that needs a host cell to replicate and cause disease. It consists of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat called a capsid

Lysogenic Phase

The virus integrates into the host’s DNA and stays dormant until it becomes active later, usually without causing immediate disease.

Lytic Phase

The virus actively replicates in the host, causing cell damage and spreading, leading to active disease.

Nucleus

contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA).

Mitochondrion

The energy-producing organelle in eukaryotic cells, often referred to as the “powerhouse,” where cellular respiration occurs to produce ATP.

Membrane-bound Organelle

Structures inside eukaryotic cells that are enclosed by membranes, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. These organelles perform specific functions necessary for the cell’s survival.