Studied by 17 people
Material culture
Physical objects that hold significance to individuals or society as a whole
Non-material culture
Intangible elements of culture such as individuals' ideas, beliefs, etc
Subculture
Group of people within a larger society or culture who share a distinct set of beliefs that are different from the main culture
Modern culture
Typically originates in economically developed regions or countries, spreads through hierarchical diffusion, and is diverse
Folk culture
More homogenous and diffuses through relocation diffusion, places emphasis on community, family, and religion playing a central role in daily life
Indigenous culture
Strong emphasis on community and traditional values, with unique language, etc., passed down through generations
Ethnocentrism
Practice of judging culture by standards of one's own culture, may lead to negative stereotypes or general misunderstanding
Cultural relativism
Practice of judging culture by its own standards, promoting the idea that every culture is equal
Cultural landscape
Visible human modifications of the natural environment
Traditional architecture
Incorporates local culture and resources of an area into design
Modern architecture
Focuses on function over design
Postmodern architecture
Incorporates local culture into design
Sequent occupancy
How different people, cultures, etc., have left their mark on a geographic location over time
Built environment
Human-made physical surroundings in an area, all the constructed human-made features of a place
Sense of place
Strong emotional connection to an area influenced by surroundings
Placelessness
When a place lacks unique characteristics and identity, not invoking a strong response from an individual
Placemaking
Process of a community coming together and transforming public space for different activities or events, promoting community and social interaction
Centripetal forces
Aspects of society that bring people together
Centrifugal forces
Aspects in society that divide people and push them apart
Relocation diffusion
Physical movement of a culture or group of people from one place to another
Expansion diffusion
Spread of cultural traits or groups of people from one place to another through person-to-person contact
Contagious diffusion
Spread of cultural traits happening in almost all directions without regard to other cultural factors
Hierarchical diffusion
Spread happening through systems that typically center around some form of power
Reverse Hierarchical diffusion
Diffusion starting at the bottom of the power structure and spreading upwards
Stimulus diffusion
Idea, trait, etc., spreading from one culture or place to another, adapted to better fit the local culture
Lingua franca
Common language used by individuals whose native language is different
Creolization
Process of two cultures/languages coming together to create a new third culture/language
Creole language
A language that forms from the blending of two or more languages
Diaspora
Dispersion of any people from their original homeland, often due to forced migration
Time-space convergence
Reduction of time it takes for something or someone to get from one place to another
Cultural divergence
When individuals become separated from different aspects of their culture
Cultural convergence
Different cultures merging together to form one mass culture, often in the form of a modern or global culture
Universalizing religions
Religions that seek to appeal to all people and spread their teachings and beliefs to as many people as possible
Abrahamic religions
Christianity, Islam, Judaism
Christianity
Diffused mainly through missionaries
Islam
Diffused through conquest, trade, and missionary work
Shia
Accept descendants of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali as the true rulers of Islam
Sunni
Accept the first four caliphs as rightful successors of Muhammad and leaders of the faith
Buddhism
Diffused due to relocation diffusion from missionaries relocating to different areas as well as trade routes
Sikhism
Relocation diffusion but limited
Ethnic Religions
Religions primarily centered around specific cultural or ethnic groups and often stay in one location, not trying to convert other people
Hinduism
Stimulus diffusion and migration/relocation diffusion
Judaism
Three main branches, considers Israel as the homeland
Dialects
Regional variances that occur in the form of language based on local culture
Isogloss
Distinct boundary defined by linguistic differences
Assimilation
Process of one culture fully becoming part of another culture
Acculturation
Process of adopting the cultural traits or social patterns of another group
Syncretism
Blending of different cultural elements into a new cultural form
Multiculturalism
Coexistence of diverse cultures in a society.
Note
Flashcard