CH10 cardiovascular disease

what does cardiovascular mean?

cardio = heart, vascular = blood vessels

what is cardiovascular disease/CVD?

generally, refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels

what are examples of CVDs?

• heart attack

• cardiac arrest

• stroke

• high blood pressure

• angina/chest pain

• rheumatic heart disease

• coronary artery diseases

• congestive + congenital heart disease

• arrhythmia

if a heart was four corners, which corner is what?

top left- right atrium

top right- left atrium

bottom left- right ventricle

bottom right- left ventricle

what is an average bpm?

72 bpm aka 100k beats/day aka 37 million beats/year

artery

takes blood away from the heart

veins

carry blood back into the heart

how are veins and arteries connected?

capillaries

capillaries

smallest blood vessels

arrhythmia

improper beating of the heart, whether its irregular beats or beating too fast/slow (tachycardia/brachycardia)

stroke

arteries/blood vessels leading to the brain become blocked or rupture, meaning part of the brain cannot get the blood and oxygen, so brain cells begin to die

fifth leading COD

FAST helps prevent is

ischemic stroke

caused by a blockage, most common

hemorrhagic stroke

caused by a rupture, makes up 20% of strokes

FAST

Face- one side drooping

Arms- one arm weaker than the other

Speech- slurred or confused

Time- if the above are present, contact 911

atherosclerosis (type of coronary artery disease)

occurs when damage/disease in the hearts major blood vessels, usually caused by a buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in/on artery walls which can restrict blood flow

congestive heart failure

chronic condition where the ehart doesnt pump blood as it should

congenital heart failure

abnomality(s) in the heart that develop before birth

heart attack/myocardial infraction

when an artery becomes blocked, preventing oxygen and nutrients from getting to the heart

leading COD for men 35+ and women 40+

signals are pain, discomfort, anxiety, left arm pain, pale, heavy chest, pressure, sweating, trouble breathing, tightness

cardiac arrest

sudden and unexpected loss of heart function, breathing, and consciousness

Check Care Call (CPR)

high blood pressure

condition in which the force of blood against the artery walls is too high

normal BP is 120/80 aka systolic/diastolic

arteriosclerosis (type of coronary artery disease)

when the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients from your heart to the rest of the body become stiff/thick, sometimes causing restricting in blood flow to the organs + tissue

what causes CVDs?

1. age- as age increases, so does the risk for a CVD, males are typically at a higher risk when they are younger while females are at a higher risk post-menopausal

2. sex- males are generally higher risk

3. race- african americans have the highest risk

4. family history- can be the strongest predictor of having a CVD, but have the smallest correlation

5. tobacco use- strongest predictor, use accounts for 30% of CVD risks

6. obesity- those with a BMI higher than 30 are at a higher risk

7. diet- CVD can be correlated to a high saturated fat + cholesterol diet

8. diabetes type 2- have the same level of risk as someone who has already had a heart attack