physical science

pressure increase, volume decreases, constant temperature, indirect

Boyle’s law

temperature increase, volume increases, constant pressure, direct

Charles’ law

temperature increase, pressure increases, constant volume, direct

Gay-lussac’s law

conduction

transfer of thermal energy by collisions between the particles that make up matter

convection

transfer of thermal energy in a fluid by the movements of warmer and cooler fluid

radiation

transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves

speed

the distance traveled divided by the time it took to travel

velocity

is speed with a direction

acceleration

rate at which velocity changes over time

balanced force

object will not accelerate

unbalanced force

object accelerates in direction of net force

Newtons first law

an object at rest remain at rest, and an object in motion remains in velocity unless acted upon on Ex. ball staying still until kicked

Newtons second law

the unbalanced force acting on an object equals the object mass times its acceleration Ex. car vs truck

Newtons third law

for every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force Ex. walking/running

how do force pairs interact?

equal and opposite forces acting on different objects, as described by newtons third law

inelastic

not conserved

elastic

conserved

law of conservation of momentum

if no external forces acts on a group of objects, their total momentum does not change before and after a collision

work

force applied over a distance, requires motion

potential energy

stored energy

kinetic energy

energy in motion

mechanical energy (total energy)

sum of all energy forms in a system

series circuit

has only one path

parallel circuit

is one component fails the current still flows