Civil engineering

Foundation

A lower platform in building structures to transfers its gravitation load to the earth

The difference between a stripped foundation and a stepped foundation

A stripped foundation is a continuous strip of contrete under walls and a stepped foundation is steps that follow the slop of the ground and uneven soil

Soil compaction

The process of compacting soil to remove air trapped in the soil

Earth rammer

A hand tool used to compact soil

Temping rammer

A mechine used to compact soil

Vibrating earth plate

A machine that compacts soil by using vibrations

Temple

A temporary woodstracture, framework that is used to guide concrete pouring

Types of foundation

Stripped foundation

Stepped foundation

The use of foundations

To carry loads

Prevent settlements

Provide stability

The looks of foundations

Concrete base

Rectangular

Steps

Pile-like

Different ways of cutting a brick

Half bat

Three quarter bat

Queen closer

Queen closer quarter

King closer

Bevelled closer

Quarter bat

Advantages of bricks with holes

The holes make the brick lighter

Good bonding be tween mortar and plaster

Cost effective/cheap

Advantages of solid bricks

Solid bricks are heavy

Low bonding between mortar and plaster

Expensive

Two main types of bricks

Sun dried brick

Burnt brick

Properties of bricks

Strength

Absorbtion

Weather resistance

Fire resistance

Wear resistance

Porosity

Efflorescence

Sound insulation

Dimansioms of a brick

390-440mm long x 50-65mm wide x 190-215 mm thick