CLCV 115 Exam 2

Io

Zeus sees a beautiful woman makes clouds around and rapes her, Hera comes down to catch him in the act he turns Lo into a cow Hera then asks for it as a gift and he can't say no so now the cow/lo ends up being guarded by Heras henchmen

Semele

Hera tricks Semele into asking Zeus to make love to her in his full glory so he turns himself into a lightning bolt killing her but her baby (Dionysus) survives and Zeus stitches him up in his thigh

Ganymede

Zeus turns into an eagle and takes this trojan boy that he is in love with and has him work as a "cup server" in another variant the gods give him to Zeus as a gift

Europa

Zeus rapes her while he is pretending to be a white bull, she gets on his back and he runs to the sea

Rape of Persephone

the daughter of Demeter who is "raped by Hades," she eats 7 pomegranate seeds in the underworld so now she had to return every year causing winter for 3 months

Slaying of Python

frightening the newborn peoples of Parnasses so Apollo kills the snake of delphi and established games in the name of pythian

Daphne

- Apollo and Daphne shot by opposite arrows he falls in love but she hates him and wants to remain a virgin.

- Daphne transformed into a laurel tree by her father ladon after Apollo tries to rape her

Phaethon

Takes his father's (the sun) chariot and almost destroys the world, is zapped down by Zeus. Paethon is Apollo’s sun

Marsyas

Challenged Apollo to a contest of music, lost, Apollo then punished him by skining him alive

Hyacinth

Apollo adored him but was accidentally killed during a game of discus even after he tried to save him, he turns him into a flower

Callisto

Zeus appears to her in form of Artemis then rapes her she becomes pregnant, has a son, Hera turns her into a bear. Later she was about to be killed by her son when hunting but Zeus turned her into Ursa major

Niobe

Boasted of her 14 children to Leto who only had 2. Apollo and Artemis kill them all and she weeps so much she turns into a crying rock and winds cary her to Mt. Sipylus

Actaeon

After seeing Artemis naked he is turned into a stag and his hunting dogs rip him to pieces

Atalanta

an athletic huntress alike Artemis she then says that she will marry whoever can beat her in a race and whoever loses dies. Hippomenes wins by distracting her with 3 gold balls. Hippomenes doesn't thank Venus for helping him win and punishes both of them by turning them into lions

Arachne

Talented mortal weaver, challenged Athena this pride to challenge a god transformed into a spider

Adonis

Handsome hunter god of beauty and desire. Aphrodite and persephone fall in love with him he was killed by a wild boar said to have been sent by Artemis in jealousy

King Pentheus

Banned the worship of the god Dionysus because of her advocation for wild partying, Dionysus got angry and told him to climb a tree if he wanted to see women engaged in sexual activities in which it back-fired on him because the women were his mother and aunts who had been turned into crazed maenads they thought he was a wild animal and tore him apart

Pyramus and Thisbe

love story of ill fated lovers, parents were enemies and forbid them from seeing pretty much the first Romeo and Juliet the girl arrives where they had planned to meet but runs away from a lion and leaves behind a piece of clothing making the guy think she has been eaten he then assumes she has been eaten and stabs himself with the sword, the girl returns and sees what has happened and stabs herself with the same sword

Hermaphroditus

Child of Aphrodite and Hermes, deity of bisexuality and effeminacy, transformed into an androgynous being by the water nymph Salamacis

Pygmalion and Galatea

one was a famous sculptor who falls in love with his creation and Aphrodite grants him his wish of making her alive they then had a daughter together

Narcissus

obsesses with himself and tries to embrace his own reflection but falls into the pool of water and dies

Echo

loved her own voice so much she would talk too much the gods made it so that all she could do was repeat others most recent words, one day she fell in love with Narcissus and was only able to repeat what he said and is rejected

Midas

ability to turn everything he touched into gold, given to him by Dionysus for finding Silenus Midas realizes that this is actually a curse and Dyionisus agrees to take it away he is then punished for disagreeing that Apollo won the musical contest, he is given donkey ears and is sent to troy

Pan

the god of the wild, shepherds, and flocks, his flute is fashioned from hollow reeds of syrinx

Syrinx

known for her chastity was being chased by Pan when she asked to be changed into hollow reeds to hide from him, was then granted her wish and turned into a bunch of hollow tubes pan picked them up and made an instrument called the panpipes

Orpheus

Son of Apollo legendary musician, poet and prophet, he went into the underworld to try and bring back his wife Eurydice, he sang so beautifully that he got through the Cerberus and Hades loved his singing as well so he let her leave only on one condition which was to let Eurydice follow him out and he could not look back at her until they were out he thought he was patient but after not hearing the footsteps behind him he thought he had been fooled. He then looked back to check and her shadow was there but when he turned back she disappeared among the dead and was gone forever. he tried to go back but a man cannot enter the underworld more than once while alive. he died after calling for his death by being torn apart by either beasts or Maenads

Eurydice

The wife of Orpheus died on her wedding day when running away from Aristaues, she escaped but was bitten by a snake and died immediately.

Geometric Period

900-700 BC

Orientalizing Period

700-600 BC

Archaic Period

600-480 BC

Classical Period

480-400 BC

Fourth Century

399-323 BC

Hellenistic Period

323-146 BC

Roman Period

146 BC - 330 AD

Medieval Period

330-1400 AD

Renaissance Period

1400-1600 AD

Baroque Period

1600-1750 AD

Neoclassical Period

1750-1850 AD

Modern

1850-present

Mt. Olympus

Tallest mountain in Greece, Olympian Gods thought to have lived here

Ambrosia

"Immortality" and eaten by gods

Nectar

"Overcoming death" also eaten by the gods

Ichor

Golden blood of the gods

Pantheon

Temple of the gods

Omnipotent

All powerful

Omniscient

All knowing

Metamorphosis

Ability to shape shift

Dyaus

"day" Zeus' name is the greek version of this

Storm god

The function of Zeus in the Neolithic

Argive Heraion

"Sanctuary of Hera in Argos" one of Hera's sanctuaries

- Series of temples, innermost contained a chryselephantine statue

Eileithyia

- Goddess of child birth

- child of Hera and Zeus

- became Hera's daughter through syncretization

- born in a cave near Knossos, Crete, and became the main place of worship for the goddess.

Hebe

Daughter of Hera, represents Hera's virgin aspect

Kanathos

Spring near Argos where Hera would renew her virginity

Thalassa

One of the three popular pre-greek words for the sea

Mt. Helicon

Home of two springs sacred to the muses (Aganippe and Hippocrene)

Pegasus

- Winged horse

- Child of medusa and Zeus

Hippocrene

- Spring on Mt. Helicon

- Thought to have been formed by the hooves of pegasus

Persephone

- Daughter of Zeus and Demeter

- abducted by hades taken to underworld

- Virgin aspect of Demeter

Telesterion

Secretive mysterious place where rituals and ceremonies for Demeter and persephone took place

Triptolemus

Elusinian prince that received the gift of agriculture from Demeter for having had received a warm welcome from his father Celeus

Eternal return

Cyclical aspect of life (birth, death, return)

Hyperboreans

Inhabitants of the land originated by Apollo that very aggressively tried spreading the belief in Apollo

Ephebe

greek for "adolescent" or "no beard"

Potnia Theron

Mistress of the beasts

Leto

Mother of Artemis and Apollo was forbidden by Hera to give birth anywhere on earth

Mt. Cynthus

Birthplace of Artemis and Apollo in Delos

Metis

Impregnated by Zeus with Athena, Zeus swallowed Metis and Athena was born from Zeus' head

Xoanon

A wooden cult image in ancient greece often used to represent Athena as an olive trunk

Erechtheion

Temple near Parthenon containing cults of Athens supposed location of the original olive tree planted by Athena

Parthenon

- Main temple of Athena in Athens

- Destroyed by Persians

Aegis

Goat skin worn on Athenas shoulder with face of medusa imprinted

Gorgoneion

Special apotropaic amulet showing the gorgon head used by Athena and Zeus for protection

Apotropaic

Something used to turn the enemy away (for example the Gorgoneion)

Hearth

another name for Hestia the Virgin goddess of architecture, the family, the home daughter of Cronus and Rhea

Megaron

Great hall in ancient greek palace complexes sometimes referred to as the throne room usually where the hearth fire was located

Plyos

Mycenaean palace

Herm

means "pile of stone" or "stone pillar"

Arcadia

Thought to have been origin place of Hermes

Pleiades

Constellation that comes up over the horizon during spring Hermes' mother is in the constellation

Trickster god

In some Greek myths Hermes is the trickster God, patron of thieves and inventor of lying

Dione

Mother of Aphrodite; Indo-european origin

Vegetation god

God of nature, who's disappearance and reappearance embodied the growth cycle of vegetation (Dionysus being one)

Mystery cult

Unlike other cults this one had more personal and individualistic attitudes towards death and the after life, many based on sacred stories. The worship of Dionysus falls under this category

Sparagmos

Rip into pieces

Omophagy

To eat raw, related to human sacrifice where the idea is to get the spirit inside of you

Bacchus

Roman name for Dionysus; comes form the Semitic word, meaning to weep

Maenad

One of the attributes of Dionysus which consisted of wild women tearing apart animals and holding rituals outside of city limits

translates to "the raving ones"

Satyr

Another attribute of Dionysus; male companies of Dionysus usually depicted as having horse like ears, tails, and permanent exaggerated erections

Silenus

Companion of Dionysus almost always depicted as a drunken fat man

Thyrsus

Sticks entwined with ivy vines and leaves

Syncretism

"To grow together"

A blending of religions and cultures

Euhemerism

Mythological beings become thought of as just great humans; how the ancient gods were able to survive christianized culture

Allegory

Hiding meaning in something symbolic to convey something greater

Panhellenic festival

festival held every four years that every city-state would participate in would consist of athletic and artistic games there were also ceasefires in battle during this time all in the honor of Zeus

Olympic Games

Originated in 776 BC was formerly used to maintain the greek calendar these games also held in honor of Zeus

Panathenea

Athenian version of the olympic games in honor of Athena

Votive

Offering or something you devote to a god

Cult

Group of people specifically worshiping one of the ancient gods unlike todays cults which are and off shoot of religions

Attribute

Something that helps with identifying a specific gods

Epithet

word or phrase used to describe a person or characteristic of that person