history exam terms and concepts

Nullification

being able to refuse a bill by considering it unconstitutional;

Market revolution

was a huge economic change in society were people became less self-sufficient and relied more on larger businesses, corporations, and factories to do the work; it linked the northern industry with southern /western farms.

Mercantilism

economic theory in which you enrich your country through trade.

Steamboats

can go up and down stream, faster than ^.

Magna Carta

limits the power of the king.

Common sense

written by Thomas Paine to attack the king and encourage the country that independence is worth fighting for.

2nd continental congress

set up separate govs for each state and had one unified military under Washington.

Debt

was the leading cause of the revolution.

1774 intolerable acts

tightened control over the colonists by shutting down the harbor and quartering troops.

Boston massacre

first casualties as a result of the war, British attack on defenseless citizens kills 5.

Railroads

can be built anywhere, fastest, carries a lot.

Eli Whitney

invented interchangeable parts and the cotton gin.

1765 Stamp act

tax on legal documents such as playing cards, birth certificates, licenses.

1767 townshend acts

taxes external imported goods.

Cottage industry

manufactures provided the materials for the goods to be produced at home and then shipped out to the factories.

Committees of correspondence

a way to better communicate throughout the colonies using letters, warned against threats to their liberties and helped unify America.

Thomas Jefferson

wrote the declaration of independence.

1783 treaty of paris

britain recognizes americas independence.

Loyalists

those who stayed loyal to the king.

Patriots

those supporting independence.

Tariff crisis 1832: Nullifacation crisis:

Conflict between s. carolina and federal power because of the tariff of abominations- violation of rights.

Proclamation of 1763

banned settlement past the Appalachian mountains.

John C Calhoun

Jackson’s biggest opposition who was a large part of the nullification crisis, was also his former VP.

William Pitt

politician deleted by king George II to win more battles.

Administration of justice acts

all crimes report to trial in Britain or nova scotia.

Canals

man made rivers.

Northwest ordinance of 1787

set requirements for admission into western land and the requirement for buying it.

Sons of Liberty

secret defiance group founded by Samuel Adams.

Assimilation

the degree to which immigrants were accepted into society.

2nd bank

2nd bank: vetoed by Jackson because it did support the constitution and rights of men, and disliked its advantage on national power.

1767 Townshend acts:

indirect internal tax on imported goods.

Battle of Bunker Hill

deadliest battle 1775; succeeded on their 3rd try.

Indian removal act

1830, forced Indians to move further west on the trail of tears.

Erie Canal

363mi stretched from the Hudson river to lake Erie, allowing farmers, along its route, to be a part of a new economic system.

Bill of rights

was a result of the civil war and effected the laws of our country

Declaration of independence

written by Thomas Jefferson, which drew form John Lockes concepts of "Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness (property)

Cottage industry

people making their own textiles at home and then selling.

Mercantilism

economic theory in which you enrich your country through trade

William Pitt

politician deleted by king George II to win more battles

Pontiac

realized he lad lost and captured 8 British soldiers only to be combated with smallpox blankets

Proclamation of 1763

banned settlement past the Appalachian mountains

Sugar act

tax on sugar ended; salutary neglect

1765 Stamp act

tax on legal documents such as playing cards, birth certificates, licenses

Sons of Liberty

secret defiance group founded by Samuel Adams

1767 Townshend acts

indirect external tax on imported goods

Boston massacre

first casualties as a result of the war, British attack on defenseless citizens kills 5

Committees of correspondence

a way to better communicate throughout the colonies using letters, warned against threats to their liberties and helped unify America

Martial law

law imposed by military forces

1765 stamp act

a tax on stamps

1770 Boston massacre

taunted by an angry mob, British soldiers killed 5

1773 Tea act

a tax on tea, gives east India companies special business so they have to outsource their payments of tea

1774 Intolerable acts

tightened control over the colonists by shutting down the harbor and quartering troops

2nd continental congress

set up separate govs for each state and had one unified military under Washington

common sense

written by thomas paine to attack the king and encourage the country that independence is worth fighting for

Declaration of independence

written by thomas Jefferson , which drew form John Lokes concepts of "Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness (property)

Battle of Bunker Hill

deadliest battle 1775 ; succeeded on their 3rd try

Patriots

those supporting independence

loyalists

those who stayed loyal to the king

Thomas Jefferson

wrote the declaration of independence

Land ordinance of 1785

surveying western land, plan of how to settle the land and the land owned by gov set aside for schools for example

Northwest ordinance of 1787

set requirements for admission into western land and the requirement for buying it

Market revolution

was a huge economic change in society were people became less self sufficient and relied more on larger businesses, corporations, and factories to do the work; it linked the northern industry with southern/ western farms

cottage industry

people making their own textiles at home and then selling

Turnpikes

engineered roads

Canals

man made rivers

Steamboats

can go up and down stream, disadvantages, needs navigable rivers, pollution, dangerous

robert fulton

invented the steam boats

Railroads

can build anywhere, fastest, carries a lot

Eli Whitney

invented interchangeable parts and the cotton gin

National road

Cumberland MD→ Vandalia IL

Erie Canal

363mi stretched from husdson river to lake erie, allowed farmers, along its route, to be apart of a new economic system

cottage industry

manufactures provided the materials for the goods to be produced at home and then shipped out to the factories

assimilation

the degree to which immigrants were accepted into society

spoils system

incoming official sthrow out former appointees and replace with people of their political party

Indian removal act

1830, forced indians to move further west on the trail of tears

the corrupt bargain

1825; ended the era of good feelings; when it was assumed that henry clay swung the votes in Adams favor and then receivd the role of secretary of state

Tariff of Abominations

protective tariff; 1828; a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828, designed to protect industry in the northern United States

John C. Calhoun

Jacksons biggest opposition who was a large part of the nulifacation crisis, also his former VP

2nd bank

vetoed by Jackson because it did support the constitution and rights of men, and disliked its advantage on national power

bank war

jackson vetoed the bank bill and redirected federal depositories to pet banks when he was reelected

pet banks

smaller private owned banks that JAckson finaced through instead of a national bank

election of 1832

JAcksons election; most dangerous election by far; unusual

nullification

being able to refuse a bill by considering it unconstitutional;

panic of 1837

states amended their constitutions to stop legislatures from borrowing money, charters, and buying stock in private companies

whig party

a political party that opposed jackson and democrats

the know nothing party

most nativist followers formed into this political party (nativist political party)