history exam terms and concepts 

}}The puritans:}}

from east Anglia

Austere

believed that they should not get pleasure from food because all pleasure should come from god.

Calvinists

had a big emphasis on education

still have a significant impact on our lives in things like movie ratings, and alcohol laws

}}Quakers :}}

from the midlands and settled in the Delaware valley

the middle way.

cream cheese

typically lived in the quaker stone buildings

renown for progressive politics like peace, gay marriage, coexist

progressive causes= legacy

}}Cavaliers:}}

High-class southerners

settled from the coat of MD-→ TX

lived in classic southern mansions

ornate, flashy, ostentatious, and fancy

clothes were indicative of their social status

fried southern food

southern and western England to Jamestown closer to the coast

}}Backcountry Frontiersman:}}

northern Ireland and Scotland

Scotts Irish

log cabins

Hill BIllies- poor sharecroppers

Scotch

The grand ole oprey- country music

<<Rights of Englishmen:<<

Magna Carta- limits the power of the king

Establishment of parliament

→ representative democracy

→court of star chamber = trials and civil rights were abused

^ Lead to the civil war with the king and cavaliers against parliament and the puritans

The Bill of rights was a result of the civil war

==Mercantilism:== economic theory in which you enrich your country through trade

<<French and Indian war:<<

British victory over the french enlarged the British empire but lead to new conflicts with the colonists

Britain and the colonists disputed over freedom and invidiulaism

Ohio River Vally

William Pitt: politician deleted by king George II to win more battles

Pontiac: realized he lad lost and captured 8 British soldiers only to be combated with smallpox blankets

Proclamation of 1763: banned settlement past the Appalachian mountains

<<American Revolution<<

debt was the leading cause of the revolution

started with the french and Indian war and then the sugar act

Sugar act: tax on sugar ended; salutary neglect

1765 Stamp act: tax on legal documents such as playing cards, birth certificates, licenses

Sons of Liberty: secret defiance group founded by Samuel Adams

NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION

1767 Townshend acts: indirect external tax on imported goods

Boston massacre: first casualties as a result of the war, British attack on defenseless citizens kills 5

Committees of correspondence: a way to better communicate throughout the colonies using letters, warned against threats to their liberties and helped unify America

Martial law: law imposed by military forces

==Events leading to revolution (acts)==

  • 1765 stamp act - a tax on stamps
    • → lead to boycotts
  • 1767 Townshend acts -taxes external imported goods
    • → protested no tax w/o rep
  • 1770 Boston massacre - taunted by an angry mob, British soldiers killed 5
    • → labeled a massacre and enlarged propaganda numbers
  • 1773 Tea act - a tax on tea, gives east India companies special business so they have to outsource their payments of tea
    • → resulted in the Boston tea party
  • 1774 Intolerable acts - tightened control over the colonists by shutting down the harbor and quartering troops

→ draw up a declaration of rights

  • Boston port act- closes ports
  • quartering act- have to hold soldiers in homes
  • administration of justice act- all crimes report to trial in Britain or nova scotia
  • mass govt act- replaces colonial officials
  • 1775 Lexington and concord- gage ordered troops to march to Conrad mass and take colonial weapons
    • → minutemen interrupt

Internal (direct) vs external (indirect)

certain items overall goods

2nd continental congress: set up separate govs for each state and had one unified military under Washington

common sense: written by thomas paine to attack the king and encourage the country that independence is worth fighting for. THis book changed the minds of many Americans and their viewpoint making it a very influential part of the events leading up to the revolution.

^^Declaration of independence^^==:== written by thomas Jefferson , which drew form John Lokes concepts of “Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness (property). This was a major break up letter with the kind which evidently granted America the right to freedom.

on July 4, 1776 the dec. of ind. was passed

Battle of Bunker Hill: deadliest battle 1775 ; succeeded on their 3rd try

Patriots: those supporting independence

loyalists: those who stayed loyal to the king

Thomas Jefferson: wrote the declaration of independence

Land ordinance of 1785: surveying western land, plan of how to settle the land and the land owned by gov set aside for schools for example.

Northwest ordinance of 1787: set requirements for admission into western land and the requirement for buying it. the actual boundaries and plan for what determines a state, territory and who can own or buy it.

^confederations biggest achievements

Congress commanded little respect and no support from state governments anxious to maintain their power, is why they did not work

*wanted a republic

process of admitting land as states

<<1780’s<<

treaty of paris 1783- britain recognizes americas independence

<<Industrial Revolution and Jackson<<

[[Market revolution: was a huge economic change in society were people became less self sufficient and relied more on larger businesses, corporations, and factories to do the work; it linked the northern industry with southern/ western farms[[

Farm → factory

county to city

the economic center changed from being agriculture to thechnology

Industrial revolution:

started in new england but once plans were stolen by Samul Slater it rapidly developed in north America as well

cottage industry: people making their own textiles at home and then selling.

Was changed by the

Putting out System; subcontract of factory work to regular people and giving to textile factories

}}IMPACT}}

  • negative psychological impact on people and they pride in their jobs
  • loss of craftsmanship
  • move to cties/ crowding/ over population/ lack of sanitation/ pollution
  • child labor
  • crime
  • alchoholism

[[Transportation revolution[[

-quicker faster import/export on goods

-sped up the industrial revolution by making the factories more accessible and faster to get to and from

  1. Turnpikes: engineered roads

    disadvantages= time, and labor intensive

  2. Canals: man made rivers

    timely, water overflow or freezing, labor intensive

  3. Steamboats: can go up and down stream, faster than ^

    disadvantages: needs navigable rivers, pollution, dangerous

robert fulton: invented the steam boats

  1. Railroads: can build anywhere, fastest, carries a lot

Eli Whitney: invented interchangeable parts and the cotton gin.

His inventions allowed for mass production and impacted the industrial revolution.

Embargo act of 1807 an dwar of 1812 turned amica toward domestic industries and self reliance

North→ invested in manufacturing nd factories

south → used cotton and cah crops as source of income

Henry Clays American system

  • transportation system and internal improvements
  • protective tariffs
  • ressurecting the national bank

National road: Cumberland MD→ Vandalia IL

==Erie Canal==: 363mi stretched from husdson river to lake erie, allowed farmers, along its route, to be apart of a new economic system

it also put NY on the map economically

}}The Changing workplace}}

cottage industry: manufactures provided the materials for the goods to be produced at home and then shipped out to the factories

article→ manufacturer→ $ paid them→ new materials→ new batch

}}Antebellum Immigration:}}

assimilation: the degree to which immigrants were accepted into society

}}Irish assimilation:}}

  • left from famine
  • catholic
  • spoke language
  • No Irish need apply

}}German Immigration}}

  • protestant
  • political refuge
  • more educated and skilled
  • settled in milwakee and Cincinnati
  • didn’t speak the language
  • clanish , did not assimilate/ intermingle

<<Age of Jackson:<<

jacksons followers or “jacksonians” formed the democratic republican party.

he was known as. the common man

spoils system: incoming official sthrow out former appointees and replace with people of their political party

Indian removal act: 1830, forced indians to move further west on the trail of tears

trail of tears:

  • 800 miles
  • many died due to harsh conditions and weather
  • gov officials stole their money
  • outlaws stole their live stock
  • buried more than 1/4 of their people on the trip naming it the trail of tears

the corrupt bargain: 1825; ended the era of good feelings; when it was assumed that henry clay swung the votes in Adams favor and then receivd the role of secretary of state

Tariff of Abominations: protective tariff; 1828; a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828, designed to protect industry in the northern United States. i__t increased tax on common items, further dividing the regions and placing bias on industries and the regions it protected__

John C. Calhoun: Jacksons biggest opposition who was a large part of the nulifacation crisis, also his former VP.

2nd bank : vetoed by Jackson because it did support the constitution and rights of men, and disliked its advantage on national power

bank war: jackson vetoed the bank bill and redirected federal depositories to pet banks when he was reelected

pet banks: smaller private owned banks that JAckson finaced through instead of a national bank. They gave stes more control nd less national power

election of 1832: JAcksons election; most dangerous election by far; unusual

nullification: being able to refuse a bill by considering it unconstitutional;

tariff crisis 1832: Nullifacation crisis: Conflict between s. carolina and federal power because of the tariff of abominations - violation of rights

panic of 1837: states amended their constitutions to stop legislatures from borrowing money, charters, and buying stock in private companies

whig party: a political party that opposed jackson and democrats

the know nothing party: most nativist followers formed into this political party (nativist political party)