MCB - Proteins, Carbs, Lipids, Nucleic acids

Glucose linear structure

aldoses

Galactose Linear structure

aldose

Fructose linear structure

ketone

ring structure of glucose

Beta glucose

Dehydration synthesis linkage for maltose

1(OH) - 4(H) glycosidic linkage

Dehydration synthesis linkage for fructose

1-2 glycosidic linkage

Glycerol linear structure

it is an alcohol

linkage between fatty acid and glycerol

ester linkage

cis vs trans double bond

2 non polar amino acids (glycine and Alanine)

2 polar amino acids (serine and cysteine)

2 electrically charged amino acids (aspartic acid and lysine)

(acidic)

(basic)

what glucose is in cellulose and what is the chain

beta glucose - alternating

Polysaccharide for structure

chitin

cellulose

What is starch made out of

alpha glucose

Storage polysaccharides

glycogen

starch

polymers with alpha glucose are

helical

polymers with beta glucose are

straight

Between cellulose strands what hold them together

hydrogen bonds

Structure of Chitin

on 5 Carbon of glucose there is

what is a saturated fatty acid

maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and NO DOUBLE BONDS

solid bonds

stacked/solid at room temp

what are unsaturated fatty acids

have one or more double bonds

liquid at room temp

what fat can your body not break down

trans fats

what does omega-3 mean

3 - where the double bond occurs and where the piece that breaks off will happen

omega-3s are the perfect size because it doesn’t waste energy

function of fats

energy storage

list the 4 parts of a phospholipid

2 fatty acids - glycerol - 3rd carbon on glycerol is flipped up - phosphate group - caped with Choline

what are sterioids

lipids - carbon skeleton of 4 FUSED RINGS

what is cholesterol

a steroid that is a component in animal cell membranes

what are waxes

long chains - bonded with organic acids

ester group found in the middle

what reaction happens with enzymes

hydrolysis - putting Compounds together

what do bases and acids do with hydrogen ions

base - pick up H

acid - gives away H

Two types of proteins

globular and fibrous

What is the Quaternary structure

When 2+ polypeptide chains form one macromole

subunits come together

In denaturing (temp, pH changes) what order to bonds break

hydrogen bonds

then secondary structure

then disulfide bridges

what are Chaperonin proteins

They are hollow with a “cap” an d help proteins fold faster and last I'm not perfect conditions

DNA

two strands

helical

deoxyribonucleic acid (take away oxygen)

RNA

single strand

ribonucleic acid (look at sugar on carbon 2)

3 types of RNA

mRNA, rRNA, tRNA

what is a nucelosidee

the portion of a nucleotide without the phosphate group

DNA/RNA pairings

A-T (or U for RNA)

C-G

draw a nucleotide

How do nucleotides attatch

5’ to 3’

What is the importance of each carbon on pentose

C1 - attaches to nitrogenous base

C2 - whether it has oxygen (RNA vs DNA)

C3 - attaches next nucleotide

C4 - n/a

C5 - bonds phosphate group

How are the two strands in DNA situated

the 2 strands are antiparallel

What are the Pyrimidines and how many rings do they have

C, T, U have 1 ring

What are the Purines an show many rings do they have

A, G have 2 rings

What is the sugar in DNA and RNA

DNA - deoxyribose

RNA - ribose

for dehydration synthesis, what molecules come off of each part of a nucleotide

and OH group comes off of 3’

an H group comes of of 5’ (from the phosphate group)

What is a Phophodiester bond

How many bods does A-T make an dhow many bodny does G-C make

A-T (or U) = 2 hydrogen bonds

G-C = 3 hydrogen bonds