Endocrine System Flashcards for PLTW HBS 2.2.1 Biology

what is the endocrine system?

glands that produce and secrete hormones hormones, this is another use of signaling in the body

hormones

the signalling molecule produced by glands that induces a specific activity of cells

Homeostasis

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

Glands

organs that produce and secrete chemicals called hormones

hypothalamus gland

reproduction, thyroid regulation, growth, emotions, water levels in the body, and our response to stress

thyroid gland

growth and development of the human body and metabolism.

pineal gland

Regulates sleep/wake cycles and secretes the hormone melatonin.

pituitary gland

growth, metabolism, reproduction, stress or trauma response, lactation, water balance, and childbirth.

Thymus gland

makes white blood cells up until puberty, when all the T-cells you need have been made. It also releases hormones that control the pituitary gland.

Adrenal gland

release hormones that help regulate the body's response to stress as well as metabolism, blood pressure, and the immune system.

Pancreas

creates enzymes to break down sugars, fats, and starches as well as hormones that regulate blood sugar, appetite, stomach acid, and when to empty your stomach.

ovaries

produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone which regulate reproduction and menstruation.

testis

Produces sperm as well as testosterone which helps with growth of the male body including developing muscles, deepening the voices, and growing body hair.

Endocrine glands...

secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to reach their targets.

True or False: Endocrine Glands release hormones into the blood stream and out of the body through ducts.

False: because the endocrine system does not go outside of the body. The endocrine system releases hormones into the blood and to target cells within the body.

True or False: Hormones act more quickly than nerve impulses

False: Hormones are slower because they go through the blood stream, while nerve impulses are electrical currents that travel through the body.

A target cells responds to a hormones because it has a specific ________for that cell.

receptor

insulin

A protein hormone secreted by the pancreas; essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates and the regulation of glucose levels in the blood.

glucagon

A hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin.

type 1 diabetes

disorder in which the body cannot produce enough insulin, you have it since you were born

type 2 diabetes

progressive disorder in which body cells become less responsive to insulin normally seen in obese individuals

Glucose levels: after you eat

1. glucose levels rise
2. The pancreas releases insulin (type 1 diabetes, insulin is not released)
3. The liver takes up glucose and stores it as glycogen (type 2 diabetes, cells do not take up insulin/become intolerant to it)
4. cells take up glucose and glcose levels fall returning to normal.

Glucose levels: you don't eat

1. Glucose levels drop
2. The pancreas releases glycogen
3. The liver breaks down glycogen and releases glucose, and cells take in the glucose
4. Blood glucose levels rise returning to normal