Ch. 8 - Control of Microorganisms by Physical and Chemical Agents

_______ is destruction or removal of all viable organisms

Sterilization

______ is killing, inhibition, or removal of pathogenic organisms

Disinfection

_______ are agents, usually chemical, used for disinfection.

Disinfectants

Disinfectants are usually used on _____ _____.

Inanimate objects

Sterilization is destruction or removal of all _____ _____

Viable organisms

Disinfection is killing, inhibition, or removal of ______ organisms

Pathogenic

Disinfectants are agents that are usually _____. They are used for disinfection.

Chemical

_______ is reduction of microbial population to levels deemed safe (based on public health standards)

Sanitization

_______ is prevention of infection of living tissue by microorganisms

Antisepsis

_______ are chemical agents that kill or inhibit growth of microorganisms when applied to tissue.

Sanitization is reduction of _____ _____ to levels deemed safe (based on public heath standards)

Microbial population

Antisepsis is prevention of ____ of ____ ___ by microorganisms

Infection; living tissue

Are antiseptics chemical agents?

Yes

What are antiseptics applied to?

Tissue

_____ ____ are agents that kill microorganisms or inhibit their growth

Antimicrobial agents

____ agents kill

Cidal

_____ agents inhibit growth

Static

Cidal and static agents are ______ agents

Antimicrobial

For Cidal agents, the suffix is -___, indicating that agent kills

Cide

A ______ kills pathogens and many non pathogens but not necessarily endospores

Germicide

Cidal agents include ____, _____, ____, ______

Bacteriacides, fungicides, algicides, viricides

Germicides kill _____ and many ____, but not necessarily ______

Pathogens, nonpathogens, endospores

Are microorganisms killed instantly?

No

Microbial population death usually occurs ______

Exponentially

Microrganisms are considered to be dead when they are unable to _____ in conditions that normally support their reproduction

Reproduce

Bacteria die at a _____ rate

Constant

Bacteria die at a constant rate.

This is plotted ______, so it will give a ____ line.

Logarithmically; straight

There are conditions influencing the effectiveness of Antimicrobial agent activity.

One of these is population size.

_____ populations take longer to kill than ____ populations

Larger;smaller

There are conditions influencing the effectiveness of Antimicrobial agent activity.

One of these is population composition.

Microorganisms differ markedly in their _____ to Antimicrobial agents

Sensitivity

There are conditions influencing the effectiveness of Antimicrobial agent activity.

One of these is concentration or intensity of an Antimicrobial agent.

Usually, _____ concentrations or intensities kill more RAPIDLY

Higher

There are conditions influencing the effectiveness of Antimicrobial agent activity.

One of these is duration of exposure.

_____ exposure means _____ organisms killed

Longer; more

There are conditions influencing the effectiveness of Antimicrobial agent activity.

One of these is temperature.

____ temperatures usually ____ the amount of killing

Higher; increase

There are conditions influencing the effectiveness of Antimicrobial agent activity.

One of these is local environment.

Many factors (ex: pH, viscosity, and concentrations of organic matter) can profoundly impact _____

Effectiveness