Resting Potential and Action Potential

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to resting potential, action potential, and membrane dynamics in neurons.

Resting Potential

The difference in charge across the neuron membrane when the neuron is not sending a message, typically between -55 to -70 mV.

Action Potential

The electrical signal of the neuron when it is stimulated, initiated at the axon hillock and traveling down the axon.

Axon Hillock

The region of the neuron where action potentials are initiated.

Phospholipid Bilayer

A double layer of phospholipid molecules that makes up the cell membrane, acting as a barrier to most water-soluble substances.

Selectively Permeable

The property of the cell membrane that allows certain molecules to pass through while blocking others.

Ion Channels

Proteins in the cell membrane that allow specific ions to enter or exit the neuron.

Sodium-Potassium Pump

A membrane-bound protein complex that pumps sodium ions out of and potassium ions into the neuron.

Concentration Gradient

The difference in concentration of ions across the membrane that drives the movement of ions.

Electrical Gradient

The difference in charge across the membrane, affecting the movement of ions.

Diffusion

The movement of ions from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

K+ Channels at Rest

Potassium channels that are open, allowing K+ ions to leak out of the neuron.

Na+ Channels at Rest

Sodium channels that are closed, preventing Na+ ions from entering the neuron.

-70 mV

Common measurement for resting potential in neurons, indicating a more negative charge inside the neuron compared to outside.

Uneven Ion Distribution

The state where there is a different concentration of ions inside and outside the neuron, crucial for creating resting potential.

Hydrophobic Molecules

Molecules that do not mix with water; can pass through the phospholipid bilayer easily (e.g., O2, CO2).