Chapter 10 Economic Development and Change

Technology gap

________ has always existed between hearths of innovation at the core and the periphery.

Loans

________ were refinanced during structural adjustment but not forgiven.

Hunger

________ kills more people each year than AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis combined.

Fecal contamination

________ causes many water- borne diarrheal diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid fever.

Core

________ and periphery are linked parts of a wider system.

GNI per capita

________ takes no account of the sex and age structures of the societies examined.

Settlements

________ built without registered land ownership are vulnerable to slum clearance and difficult to improve.

hydroelectric dams

Money was spent on ________, power plants, ports, and other large, government- directed development projects.

labor force

A literate, educated ________ is essential to take advantage of advanced technology.

UNDP

________ has also developed a measure of poverty in its Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)

Shortage of doctors

________ is a crisis in many sub- Saharan African, Central American, and South Asian countries.

totality of tools

The ________ and methods used by a culture group to produce items for subsistence and comfort.

reform policies

Market- oriented ________ such as "eliminating price controls, deregulating capital markets, lowering trade barriers "and reducing, especially through privatization and austerity, state influence in the economy.

Noneconomic criteria

________ are among the evidence of comparative developmental level that is sought in composite statistics.

Long term chronic undernourishment

________ is a frequent outcome of poverty.

Neocolonialism

________ is said to exist even after legal independence in which economic and even political control is exercised by developed states over the economies and societies of independent countries of the underdeveloped world.

Technology transfer

________ is the deliberate introduction of technologies and processes that mark the more advanced countries

HDI

________ reflects the programs conviction that the important human aspirations are leading a long and healthy life, receiving adequate education, and having access to economic resources sufficient for a high quality of life.

Poverty

________ and underdevelopment are tropical conditions.

Diarrheal diseases

________ have a disproportionate effect on the very young and contribute to malnutrition and stunted growth.

World Bank

________ divides the worlds countries into low- income, lower- middle, upper- middle, and high- income categories.

market economies

Within ________, income disparities tend to be reduced as developmental levels increase.

economic geography

The 500- year history of colonialism played a vital role in shaping the political and ________.

Core periphery contrasts

________ are discerned between, particularly, Western Europe, Japan, and the United States 10.5 Strategies for Development.

labor force

When a(n) ________ is primarily engaged in subsistence agriculture there is limited capital accumulation or national economic growth.

HDI

Men tend to score higher than women on the ________.