Unit 1: Families in Different Societies

妈妈 (māma) or 母亲 (mǔqīn)

妈妈 (māma) or 母亲 (mǔqīn)

Mom

爸爸 (bàba) or 父亲 (fùqīn)

Dad

老婆 (lǎopó) or 妻子 (qīzi)

Wife

老公 (lǎogōng) or 丈夫 (zhàngfū)

Husband

姐姐 (jiějiě)

Older Sister

哥哥 (gēgē)

Older Brother

妹妹 (mèimei)

Younger Sister

弟弟 (dìdì)

Younger Brother

女儿 (nǚ'ér)

Daughter

儿子 (érzi)

Son

外婆 (wàipó) or 姥姥 (lǎolao)

Maternal Grandmother

奶奶 (nǎinai)

Paternal Grandmother

外公 (wàigōng) or 姥爷 (lǎoyé)

Maternal Grandfather

爷爷 (yéyé)

Paternal Grandfather

舅舅 (jiùjiu)

Mom's Brother

伯伯 (bóbo)

Dad's Older Brother

叔叔 (shūshu)

Dad's Younger Brother

姑父 (gūfu)

Dad's Sister's Husband

姨妈 (yímā)

Mom's Older Sister

阿姨 (āyí)

Mom's Younger Sister

舅母 (jiùmā)

Mom's Brother's Wife

姑妈 (gūmā)

Dad's Older Sister

姑姑 (gūgū)

Dad's Younger Sister

伯母 (bómǔ)

Dad's Older Brother's Wife

婶婶 (shěnshen)

Dad's Younger Brother's Wife

堂哥 (táng gē)

Dad's Brother's Son (older than you) (same last name)

堂弟 (táng dì)

Dad's Brother's Son (younger than you) (same last name)

堂姐 (táng jiě)

Dad's Brother's Daughter (older than you) (same last name)

堂妹 (táng mèi)

Dad's Brother's Daughter (younger than you) (same last name)

表哥 (biǎo gē)

Dad's Sister's or Mom's Sibling's Son (older than you) (different last name)

表弟 (biǎo dì)

Dad's Sister's or Mom's Sibling's Son (younger than you) (different last name)

表姐 (biǎo jiě)

Dad's Sister's or Mom's Sibling's Daughter (older than you) (different last name)

表妹 (biǎo mèi)

Dad's Sister's or Mom's Sibling's Daughter (younger than you) (different last name)

外甥女 (wàishēngnǚ)

Sister's daughter

侄女 (zhínǚ)

Brother's daughter

外甥 (wàishēng)

Sister's son

侄子 (zhízi)

Brother's son

岳母 (yuèmǔ)

Wife's mother

婆婆 (pópo)

Husband's mother

岳父 (yuèfù)

Wife's father

公公 (gōnggong)

Husband's father

姐夫 (jiěfū)

Older Sister's Husband

嫂子 (sǎo zi)

Older Brother's Wife

妹夫 (mèifū))

Younger Sister's Husband

弟妇 (dìfù)

Younger Brother's Wife

儿媳妇 (ér xífù)

Daughter-in-Law

女婿 (nǚxù)

Son-in-Law

孙女 (sūnnǚ)

Granddaughter (through your son)

外孙女 (wàisūnnǚ)

Granddaughter (through your daughter)

孙子 (sūnzi)

Grandson (through your son)

外孙子 (wàisūnzi)

Grandson (through your daughter)

家庭（jiātíng)

Family

屋子（wūzi）or 房子（fángzi)

House

父权制（fùquánzhì)

Patriarchal

父系的（fùxì de)

Patrilineal

传统（chuántǒng)

Traditional

现代（xiàndài)

Modern

洋气（yángqì)

Western Style

城市（chéngshì)

City

乡下（xiāngxià）or 农村（nóngcūn)

Countryside/Rural

结婚（jiéhūn)

Marry

离婚（líhūn)

Divorce

单身妈妈（dānshēn māmā）/单亲妈妈（dānqīn māmā)

Single mother

单身爸爸（dānshēn bàba）/单亲爸爸（dānqīn bàba)

Single father

孝顺（xiàoshùn)

Filial Piety

尊重（zūnzhòn)

Respect

贡献 (gōngxiǎng)

contribution

成就 (chéngjiù)

achievement

历史人物 (lìshǐ rénwù)

historical figure

政府领导 (zhèngfǔ lǐngdǎo)

political leader

文化偶像 (wénhuà ǒuxiàng)

cultural icon

有重要的影响 (yǒu zhòngyào de yǐngxiǎng)

have a significant impact

中国社会 (zhōngguó shèhuì)

Chinese society

教学 (jiǎoxué)

teachings

道德 (lǐlǜ)

ethics and morality

常常影响 (chángcháng yǐngxiǎng)

lasting impact

中国文化 (zhōngguó wénhuà)

Chinese culture

广泛学习 (guǎngfàn xuéxí)

widely studied

尊敬 (rènwù)

revered

第一总统 (dìyī tǒngzhì)

first president

现代中国的父亲 (xiàndài zhōngguó de fùqīn)

"Father of Modern China"

打乱 (dǎluàn)

overthrow

清朝 (qīngcháo)

Qing dynasty

建立 (jiànlì)

establish

现代民主政府 (xiàndài mínzhǔ zhèngfǔ)

modern, democratic government

创立父亲 (chuànglì fùqīn)

founding father

国家领导 (guójiā lǐngdǎo)

country's leader

主要作位 (zhǔyào zuòwèi)

significant role

有论辩的人物 (yǒu liánghuà de rénwù)

controversial figure

中国社会 (zhōngguó shèhuì)

Chinese society

社会地位 (shèhuì dìwèi)

social status

年龄 (niánlíng)

age

性别 (xìngbié)

gender

文化背景 (wénhuà bèijǐng)

cultural background

集体主义 (jiētuán zhǔyì)

collectivism

群体 (tuán)

group

目标 (mùbiāo)

goals

家庭 (jiātíng)

family

重要 (zhòngyào)

important

面子 (miànzi)

face