Research Psychology - Final

Descriptive

Which research strategy is LEAST concerned with examining relationships between variables?

Negative

As the values for one variable increase from one person to another, the values for a second variable also tend to decrease. this is an example of a ______ relationship.

positive

As the values for one variable decrease from one person to another, the values for a second variable also tend to decrease. This is an example of a(n) ____ relationship.

What is the average number of sleep that the typical college student gets a night

Which question can be addressed with a descriptive strategy?

	What is the average number of hours of sleep that a typical college student gets each night?
	Is there a relationship between the amount of sleep that college students get each night and the GPA of those college students?
	Is there a relationship between college GPA and career choice after graduating?
	Does increasing the hours of sleep college students get each night cause an increase in GPA?

Correlational

A research study records a score measuring Facebook use and a score measuring happiness level for each individual in a group of 20-year-old women. The study intends to determine whether there is a relationship between the two variables. This study is best characterized as ____ research.

Does increasing the amount of hours of sleep that college students get each night cause an increase in GPA?

Which question is best addressed with the experimental strategy?

	What is the average number of hours of sleep that a typical college student gets each night?
	Is there a relationship between the amount of sleep that college students get each night and the GPA of those college students?
	Does increasing the hours of sleep college students get each night cause an increase in GPA?
	What career choices are most popular among students with high GPAs?

design

A research ____ is a general plan for implementing the research strategy.

external validity

The degree to which your research results generalize beyond the specific characteristics of your study refers to ____.

True

T/F - Experimental and nonexperimental studies both involve comparing groups of scores.

True

T/F - The purpose of the correlational research strategy is to describe the relationship between two variables and measure its strength.

Single variable 2-level experiment

If you are purchasing agent for a company that is considering buying a printer from one of two companies, you might wish to set up an experiment to test how easy the printers are to use. The appropriate experimental design would probably be a _____

Its dangerous to guess the shape of a function from 2 points

A disadvantage of a single variable two-level experiment is that

single level 2-variable

If you want to test a hypothesis that as a particular independent variable increases it will cause a particular dependent variable to increase, what would be the simplest design that could be used?

ANOVA

If your independent variable has four levels, which statistical test should you use?

t-test

If your independent variable has two levels, which statistical test should you use?

an independent and dependent variable

Univariate data is a collection of information characterized by or depending on:

ceiling

If the test questions are too easy, both groups will score equally well, reaching the _______.  

floor

____ is what happens when there is an artificial lower limit, below which data levels can't be measured. 

True

T/F A factor is the same thing as an independent variable.

False

A one-way design can have two dependent variables.

between subjects

The fact that no two participants are exactly alike can be a serious problem in ____ experiments.

within subjects

The fewest participants are required in a ____ experiment.

ordering/sequence effects

Counterbalancing is a way to minimize

within-subjects

You would use ABBA counterbalancing in a ______ experiment

Latin square

A partial counterbalancing scheme that assures that each level of the independent variable appears at every position in the order equally often is called a(n)

match your groups on a variable that is highly correlated to the dependent variable

If you use a matched groups design in an experiment you should

within-subjects

Which experimental design minimizes the chance that participant variability will contaminate the effect of the independent variable?

between subjects

Randomly assigning participants is important when conducting experiments having which type of design?

False

t/F Within-subject designs require more participants than do between-subject designs to investigate the same problem.

True

T/F In between-subjects designs each participant is exposed to only one level of the independent variable.

Single variable 2 level experiment

If you are purchasing agent for a company that is considering buying a printer from one of two companies, you might wish to set up an experiment to test how easy the printers are to use. The appropriate experimental design would probably be a

it is dangerous to guess the shape of a function from two points.

A disadvantage of a single variable two-level experiment is that

two factors with one having 2 levels and the other having 4 levels.

A 2x4 factorial design has

120

Suppose you conducted a factorial experiment having two factors one of which had three levels and the other of which had four levels. Both factors are between-subjects and each cell contains 10 participants. How many participants will be required? (hint: draw a grid to help you figure this out. Refer to the slides from lecture to see a grid.

interactions between variables cannot be assessed

The problem with conducting several single-variable experiments rather than a factorial experiment is that

Mixed design

If both within-subject and between-subjects factors are included in a factorial design it is called

3 independent variables

A 3x3x3 factorial design has how many independent variables?

factorial design

The best experimental design for determining interactions is

False

T/F A factorial experiment is one in which the independent variable has many levels.

False

T/F A 4x3 design has 12 independent variables

• Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion

The body of an APA style report consists of which 4 sections

• Title, Abstract, Introduction, Method

• Abstract, Introduction, Method Results

• Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion

• Introduction, Method, Discussions, Conclusions

includes as conditions all the combinations of the factor levels

In addition to having more than one factor, a factorial design….

they allow subjects to be com

An advantage of a within-subjects design is…

3×3

What is the matrix notation for a factorial experiment having 2 factors, each with 3 levels…

• 2×3

• 3x(2×3)

• 3×3

• 3×1

2×2×2

What is the matrix notation for a factorial experiment having 3 factors, each with 2 levels?

• 2×3

• 2×2×2

• 3x(2×3)

• 2×1

Single variable 2 level

You are studying anxiety in your research lab, and you are trying to determine whether high or low anxiety affects test performance. The appropriate experimental design to help you make this decision would likely be…

factorial experiment

You are studying anxiety in your research lab, and you are trying to determine wether high or low test anxiety effects test performance for men and women. The appropriate experimental design would probably be…

within-subjects design

Your grant cant support much money for incentives, so you have to design a study where you can only have 10 participants, which design can test your hypothesis without breaking the bank…

Comparing treatments across 2 or more groups

Which of the following best defines a between-subjects design.

• Comparing treatments across 2 or more groups

• Comparing treatments with only one group

• Comparing treatments by flipping a coin

• Comparing a group of subjects to themselves.

2 Factors - Anxiety Level, Gender

Levels - Anxiety (low, high); Gender (Boys, Girls)

In a 2×2 factorial experiment, the mean values of the dependent variables are shown below. What are the 2 factors, and what are their levels… Graph the 4 means, and examine the data for the 2 main effects and the interaction that may be present in such a factorial design.

2 Factors - ________, ________

Levels - _F1_ (_____, ____); _F2_ (____, ____)