Natural Selection and Genetic Modification

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22 Terms

1

Biotechnology

The use of technology to modify living organisms for various purposes, such as food production and cloning.

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2

Yeast and bread

Yeast, a type of fungi, plays a vital role in breadmaking by fermenting sugars and producing carbon dioxide, causing the dough to rise.

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3

Bacteria and Yoghurt

Bacteria fermentation of milk produces yoghurt through the production of lactic acid, solidifying the milk.

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4

Lactase and Lactose-Free Milk

Lactase enzyme breaks down lactose in milk, facilitating the production of lactose-free milk for lactose-intolerant individuals.

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5

Pectinase in Fruit Juice Production

Pectinase enzyme aids in breaking down pectin in plant cell walls during fruit processing for juice extraction.

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6

Transgenic Organisms

Organisms incorporating genes from other species, altering their genetic makeup.

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7

Insulin Production by GMOs

Genetically modified organisms like E. coli are used to produce insulin, requiring purification for human use.

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8

Golden Rice

Genetically modified rice with enhanced nutritional value.

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9

Pentadactyl Limbs

Limbs with five digits found in various species, indicating a common evolutionary ancestor.

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10

Evolutionary Trees

Diagrams showing relationships between species, based on current and fossil data, illustrating common ancestry and speciation.

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11

Theories of Evolution

Concepts that emerged in the 18th century challenging creationist views, with Charles Darwin's theory being foundational in modern evolutionary biology.

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12

Natural Selection

Darwin's key concept involving variation in characteristics, survival of the fittest, and hereditary transmission of traits over generations.

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13

Lamarck

Proposed an alternative theory of evolution emphasizing the inheritance of acquired characteristics.

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14

Genetic Variation

Differences among individuals within a species, crucial for evolution and adaptation.

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15

Cloning

Process of creating identical copies of an organism or cells, with benefits in genetic research, medical treatments, and conservation efforts.

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16

Genetic Engineering

Involves introducing genes from one organism into another to introduce desirable characteristics, with mechanisms like using bacteria and enzymes for gene isolation.

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17

Selective Breeding

Involves choosing organisms with desired traits for breeding to increase the frequency of those traits in the population, with applications in plants and animals.

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18

Genetic Variation

The diversity of alleles and genotypes within a population.

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19

Reduced Defenses

Decrease in the ability of animals and plants to protect themselves against diseases and insect attacks due to decreased genetic variation.

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20

Catastrophic Consequences

Severe and potentially disastrous outcomes for a species that has reduced genetic variation.

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21

Ethical Concerns

Moral issues arising from purposefully breeding organisms with harmful characteristics for research or other purposes.

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22

Inbreeding Defects

Genetic defects and health issues that can arise in organisms, such as dogs, due to inbreeding practices.

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