Cell Organelles and Structures: Key Functions and Components in Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells

Nucleolus

A darkly stained region of the nucleus called the __ shows up in light microscopy.

Centrioles

Each microtubule-organizing center in the cell consists of two bundles of microtubules called __.

Organelles

Eukaryotic cells have subcellular structures that serve particular specialized functions, these are collectively referred to as __.

Nuclear Pores

Giant 50MDa protein complexes in the nuclear envelope called __ use the energy of ATP to regulate nuclear transport.

Microtubule Organizing Center/Centrosome

Growth and retraction of microtubules is controlled by the __.

Lysosomes

Hydrolytic enzymes that break down biological molecules like protein and nucleic acid are contained within __.

Chromosomes

Individual DNA molecules (along with their bound proteins) are referred to as __.

Eukaryotic

Of the two main types of cells, __ cells have a higher level of internal organization, with membrane-enclosed compartments present.

Prokaryotic

Of the two main types of cells, __ cells have no membrane-enclosed compartments and are usually smaller.

Capsule

Some prokaryotic cells have a somewhat slimy outer surface that plays roles in surface adhesion and immune system evasion.

Vacuole

Plant cells have a membrane enclosed water filled compartment within the cell called a __.

Cell Wall

Plant cells have a sturdy structure composed of cellulose and other polysaccharides and proteins outside the plasma membrane called the __.

Ribosomes

RNA/Protein complexes that are found in all cells and are the site where protein synthesis occurs are called __.

Plastids

Some plant cells have organelles specialized for storage of starch or pigment molecules, this general class of organelles are referred to as __.

Flagellum

Some prokaryotic cells are motile and propel themselves through their environment with a __.

Fimbriae

Some prokaryotic cells have fingerlike proteins projecting from the cell surface called __ that serve as attachment points.

Nucleoid

The DNA of prokaryotic cells is clustered in a region referred to as the __.

Golgi Complex

The __ contains enzymes responsible for adding carbohydrate groups onto newly synthesized proteins delivered to it via transport vesicles from the rough ER.

Chloroplast

The __ is a plant organelle that is the site of photosynthesis.

Nucleolus

The __ is a region of the nucleus where ribosome assembly takes place.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

The abbreviation ER stands for which endomembrane components?

Gap Junction

The animal cell functional equivalent of plant cell plasmodesmata is the __.

Gap Junction

The cell junction that forms a channel for water and small molecules to pass between cells is called a __.

Tight Junction

The cell junction that forms a seal preventing the passage of extracellular materials between cells is the __.

Peroxisome

The cellular compartment where the breakdown of organic compounds that produce reactive intermediates like peroxides occurs is the __.

Mitochondrion

The cellular organelle containing enzymes that convert chemical energy in sugars and other organic compounds to ATP is the __.

Peroxidases; Catalases

The class of enzymes referred to as __ converts reactive peroxides to harmless substances including water is __.

Vesicles

The components of the endomembrane system are either in direct contact with one another or exchange contents by means of transport __.

Microfilament

The cytoskeletal component built from actin proteins is the __.

Microtubule

The cytoskeletal component built from tubulin proteins is the __.

Microtubule

The cytoskeletal component that controls the movement of chromosomes during cell division is the __.

Microfilament

The cytoskeletal component that functions in cell shape changes like those observed in muscle cell contraction and amoeboid movement is the __.

Microtubule

The cytoskeletal component that interacts with motor proteins to facilitate the transport of cellular materials through the cell is the __.

Intermediate filaments

The cytoskeletal components not involved with cell movement and shape changes are the __.

Nuclear Envelope

The double membrane that encloses the nucleus of a cell is referred to as the __.

Nuclear Lamina

The extensive fibrous protein network that maintains nuclear shape and organizes chromosomes in the nucleus is referred to as the __.

Extracellular Matrix

The gel like protein/carbohydrate rich substance found outside cells is referred to as the __.

Nucleus

The largest organelle in a eukaryotic cell is usually the __.

Nucleus

The majority of a eukaryotic cells DNA content is contained within the __.

Endomembrane System

The nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex are all components of the __.

Double membrane

The nucleus, mitochondrion and chloroplast have the following structural feature in common: __.

Smooth ER

The organelle in liver cells that contains enzymes that break down toxins is the __.

Smooth ER

The organelle in muscle cells that is specialized to store the calcium that triggers contraction is the __.

Rough ER

The organelle in which synthesis of membrane bound proteins takes place is the __.

Rough ER

The organelle in which synthesis of secreted proteins takes place is the __.

Smooth ER

The organelle in which the synthesis of steroid hormones takes place is the __.

Lysosome

The organelle responsible for autophagy of worn out cellular organelles is the __.

Lysosome

The organelle that fuses with phagocytic vesicles to break down the molecules within is the __.

Mitochondrion

The organelle that is the major site of ATP synthesis in plant and animal cells is the __.

Mitochondrion

The organelle that is the site of cellular respiration is the __.

Chloroplast

The plant cell organelle that contains photosynthetic pigments used to collect light energy is the __.

Nuclear Pores

Transport of substances into and out of the nucleus takes place in controlled fashion through __.

Desmosomes

__ are rivet-like protein structures that form strong contact points between adjacent cells.

Ribosomes, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.

__ are the site of protein synthesis; they occur both free in the cytosol and bound to the __.

Extracellular Matrix

The ____ is found outside of animal cells, it contains protein and carbohydrate and provides structural support to tissues.

Tubulin

The monomer protein subunit that makes up microtubules is ______.

Actin

The monomer protein subunit that makes up microfilaments is ____.

Plasmodesmata

Plant cells can exchange water and small molecules through small pores in their cell membranes called ______.