RAD- CONTRAST(MIDTERM)

SPECIAL RADIOGRAPHIC PROCEDURE (GIT)

What contrast is commonly used for GI studies?

Barium sulfate

Which contrast is used if perforation is suspected?

Water-soluble iodinated contrast

NPO before a GI exam usually means fasting for how many hours?

8–12 hrs

Sialography is used to examine:

Salivary glands and ducts

Best contrast for sialography?

Water-soluble iodinated contrast

Pharyngography evaluates the:

Pharynx

One common indication for pharyngography is:

Aspiration (swallowing disorder)

What organ is studied in barium swallow?

Esophagus

Which projection best shows the esophagus without spine overlap?

RAO

Erect RAO is used mainly to check:

Swallowing and reflux

Recumbent RAO is best for:

Better coating of esophagus

Which maneuver is sometimes used to show reflux or varices?

Valsalva maneuver

UGIS studies what parts?

Esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

Best position to fill gastric fundus with barium?

Supine

Small bowel series studies:

Small intestine

Common indication for small bowel series:

Crohn’s disease

Duration of exam may last:

2–6 hrs

Barium enema visualizes the:

Colon and rectum

Why bowel cleansing is important before BE?

To avoid stool mimicking disease

Double-contrast BE uses barium and:

Air

Position to show sigmoid colon?

LPO

Position to show hepatic flexure?

RAO

Position to show splenic flexure?

LAO

Cholecystography examines the:

Gallbladder

Operative cholangiography is done:

During surgery

T-tube cholangiography is done:

After gallbladder surgery

PTC (Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography) uses:

Direct liver puncture

ERCP stands for:

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography

ERCP examines:

Bile and pancreatic ducts

Trendelenburg is useful to show:

Hiatal hernia

RAO esophagus projects the esophagus between:

Spine and heart shadow

Decubitus colon view is best for:

Air-fluid levels & polyps

What maneuver shows esophageal reflux?

Valsalva maneuver

Why use prone & erect positions in small bowel studies?

To separate loops and aid barium flow

Best exam to study swallowing?

Esophagography (Barium swallow)

Best exam to study ulcers in stomach/duodenum?

UGIS (Barium meal)

Best exam to detect colon polyps?

Barium enema (double contrast)

Best exam for gallstones today (instead of cholecystography)?

Ultrasound

Golden rule: Never use barium if ______ is suspected.

Perforation

Contraindication for barium swallow?

High risk of aspiration

Contraindication for UGIS with barium?

Suspected perforation

Contraindication for barium enema?

Acute appendicitis

Contraindication for small bowel series?

Severe obstruction

Contraindication for sialography?

Acute salivary gland infection

Main indication for pharyngography?

Aspiration/swallowing disorders

Patient prep for BE includes?

Bowel cleansing (laxative/enema)

Best position to show pyloric canal and duodenal bulb?

RAO

Indication for small bowel series:

Crohn’s disease / regional enteritis

Indication for BE:

Suspected colon cancer, Chronic constipation

Indication for UGIS:

Gastric or duodenal ulcers

Indication for esophagography:

Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD),Esophageal varices, Hiatal hernia, Stricture or diverticulum

Indication for cholecystography (before ultrasound)?

Gallstones

Best current imaging for gallstones instead of cholecystography?

Ultrasound

Main complication risk of ERCP?

Pancreatitis