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Ivory figurine

/ˈaɪ.vər.i ˌfɪɡ.jəˈriːn/ n; a small statue made of elephant tusk; bức tượng nhỏ bằng ngà voi; The ivory figurine discovered in a cave, archaeologists began to rethink Sapiens' creative abilities.

Indisputable

/ˌɪn.dɪˈspjuː.tə.bəl/ adj; impossible to doubt; không thể chối cãi; The evidence being indisputable, no scientist could deny the impact of Sapiens on the environment.

Stagger

/ˈstæɡ.ər/ v; to walk unsteadily or to shock someone; đi lảo đảo hoặc làm kinh ngạc; The discovery staggering the research team, they spent years analyzing the ancient burial site.

Maligned ability

/məˈlaɪnd əˈbɪl.ə.ti/ n; a skill that is unfairly criticized; khả năng bị xem thường/nói xấu; Gossip being a maligned ability, Harari argues it is actually the secret to human cooperation.

Quark

/kwɑːk/ n; a fundamental particle in physics; hạt quark (vật lý); Quarks being invisible to the naked eye, they constitute the very fabric of our physical reality.

Quarrel

/ˈkwɒr.əl/ n/v; an angry argument; cuộc tranh cãi/cãi vã; A quarrel flaring up between the two tribes, a violent confrontation became unavoidable.

Dean

/diːn/ n; a head of a university faculty; trưởng khoa/hiệu trưởng; The dean presenting the award, the student felt a great sense of pride.

Rumour

monger

Freeloader

/ˈfriːˌləʊ.dər/ n; a person who takes without giving; kẻ ăn bám; Freeloaders being a risk to the group, early Sapiens used gossip to identify and punish them.

Transmit

/trænzˈmɪt/ v; to pass on from one to another; truyền đạt/truyền tải; Language transmitting complex myths, Sapiens were able to cooperate in large numbers.

Entity

/ˈen.tɪ.ti/ n; something that exists independently; thực thể; The nation being an imagined entity, it exists only in the collective minds of millions.

Guardian spirit

/ˈɡɑː.di.ən ˈspɪr.ɪt/ n; a spirit believed to protect; thần hộ mệnh; The guardian spirit watching over the tribe, the hunters felt more courageous.

Nationalist

/ˈnæʃ.nəl.ɪst/ n/adj; someone devoted to their nation; người theo chủ nghĩa dân tộc; Nationalist feelings running high, people are willing to die for an imagined border.

Hitherto

/ˌhɪð.əˈtuː/ adv; until now or until a particular time; cho đến nay; Hitherto unknown species, these creatures were suddenly wiped out by human hunters.

Estate

/ɪˈsteɪt/ n; a large area of land or property; di sản/bất động sản/vùng đất; The royal estate sprawling across the valley, it served as a symbol of the king's power.

Fornicate

/ˈfɔː.nɪ.keɪt/ v; to have sex outside of marriage; gian dâm (từ cổ/trang trọng); The laws against fornicating being strict, many ancient societies controlled human mating habits.

Modern states

/ˈmɒd.ən steɪts/ n; contemporary nations with governments; các quốc gia hiện đại; Modern states relying on shared myths, they can manage millions of citizens effectively.

Rigid manner

/ˈrɪdʒ.ɪd ˈmæn.ər/ n; a stiff or inflexible way; cách thức cứng nhắc; The rules being applied in a rigid manner, the soldiers had no choice but to obey.