Midterm 1 Review

Mean

What is the average of all points in a data set?

Median

What is the middle number in a data set?

Mode

What is the data value that reoccurs the most in a data set.

Range

What is the maximum value minus the minimum value in a data set called? .

Deviation

What do we get when a data point is subtracted from the mean?

Lean

What methodology is all about eliminating waste?

Six Sigma

What methodology involves removing variability in a process?

Lean Tools

What methodology uses the Plan, Do, Check, Act method, 8 Wastes, and 5S?

Six Sigma Tools

What methodology uses the DMAIC Method, Control Charts and FMEA? 

Cost of Poor Quality

What are costs that would disappear if systems, processes and products were perfect. 

Kaizen

What term means small improvements or good change?

Empirical Rule

What is the principle stating that in a normal bell curve, 68% of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean, 95% falls within two standard deviations, and 99.7% falls within three. 

Lean Principles

Value specification, value stream map, flow, pull, and perfection are part of what? 

Lean Production

What was coined by MIT and based on the Toyota Production System? 

Types of Waste

What is transportation, inventory, motion, waiting, overproduction, over processing, defects, and skills part of? 

Just In Time

What is demand oriented, and produces products at the right time, quantity, and quality?

Jidoka

What refers to stopping production when a defect is detected? 

Opportunity Losses

What is spending resources to fix defects while neglecting the exploration of new methods to satisfy customers?

DPMO of 3.4

What does a company at least need to be at a working six sigma level? 

DPMO

What is the opportunity for defects times the number of products divided by defects called? 

Value Stream Mapping

What lean tool diagrams every step involved along?

Poka-Yoke

What is another term for error-proofing?

Gemba Walk

What involves checking out the action point, or where work is being performed? 

SPC Chart

What graph is used to view normal random variation overtime for continuous measurements? 

Root Cause Analysis

What six sigma tool involves finding out the cause of an issue? 

Categorical Chart

What type of chart is distinct and non-numerical, qualitative, and groups items based on descriptive qualities? 

Continuous Chart

What type of chart is numerical and measurable?

Prioritization Matrix

What matrix lists projects in rows and criteria in columns, multiplying the scores against the weight criteria to get a weighted score? 

Pugh Decision

What matrix compares alternatives against a baseline, using +1, -1, and 0 as score indicators? 

Pareto Chart

What chart lists problems or projects by impact and cumulative percentage?

Pareto Princinple

What suggests that 80% of impacts come from 20% of problems.

Voice of Customer

What tools are used to identify customer needs in the Define phase?

Define Phase

What is the first step in the DMAIC methodology , where a project team identifies and scopes a problem that needs improvement? 

Project Charter

What is the document in the Define Phase that includes a problem statement, project scope, goals, and members?

Y = f(x)

What tool is used in six sigma to identify factors that impact a process? 

Kickoff Meeting

In the Define Phase, what is done to present the project charter, set participation expectations, and set support standards? 

SIPOC

What diagram is used in the Define Phase to depict relevant project processes. 

Critical to Quality (CTQ)

What are performance characteristics of a process, product, or service that are important to customers.

Appraisal Cost (CPQ)

What cost involves reviewing, checking, and quality inspections?

Internal Failure (CPQ)

What cost involves redoing something, defective outputs, and reworking or scrapping.

External Failure

What cost includes returns, warranties, and recalls? 

Measure Phase

What phase are tool such as sampling, charts, graphs, variation plots and process capability analysis part of?

Stratifying Data

What are Pareto Charts and Box/Dot plots good for in the Measure Phase?

Process Mapping

What is a visual representation of a process flow?

High Level Process Map

What process map displays the main steps in 10 or fewer steps and is provides a “birds eye view”?

Detailed Process Map

What process map is comprehensive and describes the process as-is and includes yes/no routes?

Swimlane Map

What process map describes groups or a departments processes?

Value Stream Map

What process map describes all activities, resources, and information used to transform inputs into salable outputs? 

Work in Process (WIP)

What metric displays all items being processed or waiting to be processed? 

Processing Time

What metric is the time spent to process an item? 

Lead Time

What metric is the total time for an item to move through an entire process?

Cycle Time

What metric is the average time for a unit to be produced (include prep, loading, and unloading)? 

Throughput

What metric determines the average completion rate?

Takt Time

What metric details the time between units and customer demand?

Descriptive Statistics

What is used to baseline and track performance?

Central Tendency Measures

What kind of measures are mean, median and mode?

Spread Measures

What kind of measures are range, variance, and standard deviation?

Why

What “W” is excluded from the 4 Ws of Stratification? 

Boxplot

What variation chart shows median and quartiles? 

Process Capability

What determines how well a process performs against customer requirements/specifications? 

Potential Process Capability 

What does dividing the specification width by the process by the process spread result in?