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Short Story
A short, concentrated tale that can be read in one sitting that leaves the reader with a single, powerful impression
Who defined a short story?
Edgar Allen Poe
Plot
The sequence of events that make up the story
Theme
Universal idea, lesson or message explored through literature
Tone
The author’s attitude toward their subject
Symbolism
An object, person, place, or action that represents an idea other than the object (ppa) itself
Characterization
The process by which an author reveals the personality of a character; how an author makes a fictional character seem real
Setting
Time and place of the story
Point-of-view
The perspective of the story
Exposition
introduced to characters, setting and situation
Rising Action
where tension is built through conflicts and suspense
Inciting incident
event that starts the rising action
Central Conflict
the main problem that has to be overcome
Both types of Conflicts
The moment when all tension is released and the CC is resolved
The “point of no return” - everything falls apart - tragedies: Romeo and Juliet
Falling Action
the moment immediately following the climax - things begin to return to a new normal - slowing down of intensity
Resolution
the conclusion of the story; all problems resolved
Direct characterization
An author directly explains a character’s personality; lists a character’s traits
Indirect characterization
An author reveals a character’s personality through that character’s words, thoughts, actions, and comments about them from other characters
Connotation
The implied meaning of a word
Denotation
The literal meaning of a word
Fiction
stories created from an author’s imagination that are not historically factual, but are based on - and help reveal - truths of humanity
Diction
word choice
Simile
a direct/explicit comparison of two unlike things using “like or as” - suggests that the objects are similar to each other
Metaphor
Two ways of thinking about metaphor: explicit and implicit
Explicit: A comparison of two unlike objects by directly suggesting one object IS the other
Implicit: A comparison of two unlike objects by implying one object is the other
Allusion
an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.
Allegory
A story meant to be read entirely on a symbolic level
Empathy
feeling the emotions of the characters in a story because you understand how they are feeling
Irony
A literary device that uses contradictory statements or situations to reveal a reality different from what appears to be true
Verbal Irony
one thing is said, but opposite is meant
Dramatic Irony
audience knows truth, but characters do not
Situational Irony
discrepancy between what is expected and what actually happens
Once is an occurence
twice is a coincidence
three time is a pattern and patterns are worth exploring
form
matters
shift
happens
How does the story mean?
What do authors do, such as techniques and word choice, to help get their message across
How and Why we read?
Reading is about communication, a conversation, and how it is always an act of emapthy
Note
Flashcard