Bio - Water and Origin of Life

cohesion

water sticking to water

adhesion

water sticking to other surfaces

capillarity

the upward movement of water due to cohesion and adhesion

surface tension

allows water to resist outside forces due to cohesion

universal solvent

dissolves everything

low density of ice

ice floats in water

high specific heat capacity

takes a lot of energy to heat up/cool down water

hydrogen bonds

water has the ability to form this which leads to all the other characteristics

autotrophs

organisms that make food by themselves

photoautotrophs

organisms that make food themselves by using light

chemoautotrophs

organisms that make food themselves by using chemicals or using chemical energy

heterotrophs

organisms that eat other organisms (plants, microbes, animals)

aerobic respiration

the usage of the air to breathe

anaerobic respiration

organisms that don't use air to breathe

supernatural creation

hypothesis that life originated due to the intention of and creation from a supreme divine being

panspermia

hypothesis that life originated due to organic materials which came from comets and meteorites striking early earth

Spontaneous Abiotic Origin (abiogenesis)

hypothesis that life evolved spontaneously from inorganic molecules on earth recreating primordial soup

hydrocarbons

Used to build cellular structures

amino acids

The building blocks of protein responsible for structure and function

Phosphorus

A main component of nucleic acids accounting for life’s genetic code

Nitrogen Bases

Used to form polymers and an essential component of nucleic acids

micelles

lipid molecules that arrange themselves in a spherical form in aqueous solutions
- liquid bubbles

protobiont

is an aggregate of abiotically produced organic molecules surrounded by a membrane or membrane life structure
- these are the nonliving precursors to the first cells

Miller - Urey experiment

recreated an early atmosphere of methane, ammonia, hydrogen, and water vapor, exposed the gases to sparks (lightening) ---- amino acids were produced

Oparine - Haldane Hypothesis

the idea that if there was a reducing environment and enough energy present, the molecules needed for life could be formed

Fox Experiment One

the throwing of brown goo onto hot clay which resulted in dehydration synthesis of amino acids into protein

Fox Experiment Two

proteins dropped in water formed protein colloids which could take up and excrete material similar to early bacteria

Lynn Marguilis

developed theory of endosymbiosis

theory of endosymbiosis

eukaryotic developed by engulfing chloroplasts and mitochondria