Unit 3 - Classical Conditioning

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to classical conditioning as discussed in Unit 3.

Associative Learning

Learning that involves forming a connection between two or more stimuli.

Classical Conditioning

a form of associative learning, discovered by Pavlov, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus, triggering an automatic, conditioned response

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

A stimulus that naturally triggers a response.

Unconditioned Response (UR)

The natural response to the unconditioned stimulus.

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

A previously neutral stimulus that, after conditioning, elicits a conditioned response.

Conditioned Response (CR)

The learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

A stimulus that initially produces no specific response until it is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Acquisition

The initial stage of learning when a response is first established.

Higher Order Conditioning

A form of conditioning wherein a previously conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus.

Extinction

The diminishing of a conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the conditioned stimulus.

Spontaneous Recovery

The re-emergence of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a rest period.

Generalization

when a conditioned response to a specific stimulus is triggered by similar stimuli

Discrimination

the ability to differentiate between similar stimuli and respond only to a specific one, based on past reinforcement

Learned Helplessness

A condition in which a person or animal learns to behave helplessly in a situation, even when it has the power to change their circumstances.

Innate Behavior

Naturally occurring behavior.

Antecedents

Events that precede a response.

Consequences

Effects that follow a response.

Conditioned Emotional Response

An emotional response that has been linked to a previously nonemotional stimulus by classical conditioning.

Desensitization

Reducing fear or anxiety by repeated exposure to an emotional stimulus.

Vicarious Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning that occurs by observing another person react to a particular stimulus.

Ivan Pavlov

A Russian physiologist known for his work in classical conditioning.

John Watson

An American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism.

John Garcia

An American psychologist known for his research in taste aversion and classical conditioning.