Chapter 17 - Carboxylic Acids

GABA

________ is an inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the human central nervous system.

Alanine

________ is one of the 20 amino acids generated from proteins.

placement of substituents

Numbers are used to denote the ________ relative to the carboxyl group when naming derivatives.

COOH

The ring's atoms are numbered starting with the carbon- containing the- ________ group.

Grignard reagent

When a(n) ________ is treated with carbon dioxide (CO2), it produces the magnesium salt of a carboxylic acid, which, when protonated with aqueous acid, yields a carboxylic acid.

carboxylic acid

When a(n) ________ is treated with diazomethane (CH2N2), a methyl ester is produced in high yield.

oxidation of primary alcohols

The ________ and aldehydes can be used to produce carboxylic acids.

lithium aluminum

Although heating is necessary, ________ hydride (LiAlH4) converts a carboxylic acid to a primary alcohol.

Fischer esterification

________ is the process of producing an ester by combining a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid.

Adipic acid

________ is one of two monomers needed to create the polymer nylon 66.

Terephthalic acid

________ is one of two organic components necessary for the manufacture of Dacron polyester, often known as Dacron.

Dicarboxylic acids

________ are referred to as- dioic acids, and the parent chain contains both carboxyl groups.

Benzoic acid

________ is the most basic aromatic carboxylic acid.

Electron

________- withdrawing substituents next to the carboxyl group increase its acidity through the inductive action.

term oxalic acid

The ________ comes from one of its biological sources, plants of the genus Oxalis, one of which being rhubarb.

carboxylic acid

In a(n) ________, the a- position is adjacent to the carboxyl group; an a- substituent in a common name is equal to a 2- substituent in an IUPAC name.

carboxylic acid

A(n) ________ with a carboxyl group attached to a cycloalkane ring is called by first giving the ring's name and then adding the suffix- ________.