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19 Terms
1
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
A condition in which the heart is unable to pump effectively, leading to inadequate blood flow to meet the body's needs.
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2
Systolic Heart Failure
A type of heart failure characterized by a reduced ejection fraction (
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3
Diastolic Heart Failure
A type of heart failure where the left ventricle is stiff and cannot fill properly, maintaining a normal ejection fraction (EF >50%).
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4
Left-Sided Heart Failure
A condition where the left ventricle struggles to pump oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium, leading to decreased cardiac output and pulmonary congestion.
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5
Right-Sided Heart Failure
A condition where the right side of the heart fails to pump blood effectively, causing back-up of blood and symptoms such as edema and fatigue.
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6
ACE Inhibitors
Medications that prevent the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2, reducing preload and afterload, and improving symptoms in heart failure.
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7
Beta Blockers
Medications that block beta-receptors in the sympathetic nervous system, decreasing heart rate and contractility, and improving outcomes in heart failure.
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8
Loop Diuretics
Medications that inhibit sodium or chloride reabsorption in the kidneys, decreasing blood volume and cardiac workload.
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9
Nitrates
Medications that dilate blood vessels, decreasing preload and afterload, commonly used in treating angina and heart failure.
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10
Cardiac Glycosides: Digoxin
A medication used in heart failure that increases intracellular calcium, enhancing myocardial contractility and renal perfusion.
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11
Pulmonary Congestion
A condition where fluid accumulates in the lungs due to heart failure, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath and coughing.
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12
Ejection Fraction
A percentage measure of how much blood the left ventricle pumps out with each contraction, used to assess heart function.
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13
Orthopnea
Difficulty breathing while lying flat, often seen in patients with heart failure.
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14
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
Episodes of sudden shortness of breath at night, typically waking the patient from sleep, associated with heart failure.
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15
Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS)
A hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance, often activated in heart failure.
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16
Hypertrophy
The thickening of the heart muscles, which can lead to diastolic dysfunction in heart failure.
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17
Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP)
A measurement used to assess left atrial pressure and indirectly evaluate left ventricular function in heart failure.
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18
Symptomatic Heart Failure (Stage C)
Heart failure characterized by current or previous symptoms and signs, indicating progression in the disease stages.
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19
Advanced Heart Failure (Stage D)
A stage where patients have marked heart failure symptoms that interfere with daily life and require specialized interventions.
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