Exam 2 Material: Communicable Diseases and Pandemics

What is prevalence?

Number of current cases of a disease

What is incidence?

Number of new cases of a disease

What is communicability?

Period of time the person can infect others (contagious)

What is Incubation period?

Period between invasion of an agent until symptoms appear

What is the latent period?

Period between when an infectious agent enters a host, finds conditions favorable, and replicates

What is contact tracing?

Approach to communicable disease prevention and control that finds new cases quickly so they can be isolated to stop further spread

What is direct transmission?

Immediate transfer of agent from one human to another

What is indirect transmission?

Transferred at >3ft

What is droplet transmission?

Expelled large droplets from one person and picked up by another

What is contact transmission?

Direct transfer with very close contact

What is unidirectional transmission?

Nonhuman to human

What is bidirectional?

nonhuman to human to nonhuman

What is vertical transmission?

parent to child during fetal development, birth, or breast feeding

What is horizontal transmission?

human to human

What is endogenous transmission?

Internal source

What is exogenous transmission?

External source

What are signs of bioterrorism?

Geographical clustering of illness, unusual age distribution for a common disease

What is the incubation of Mumps?

12-25 days; avg. 16-18 days

What is the transmission mode of mumps?

Droplet or direct contact with saliva and by airborne droplet route

What is the period of communicability of mumps?

3 days before to 4 days after symptom onset or until symptoms resolve

What is the incubation of E. Coli?

2-10 days; avg. 3-4 days

What is the transmission mode of E. Coli?

Ingestion of contaminated foods, fecal-oral, or contact with infected animals

What is the period of communicability of E. Coli?

Duration of excretion of the pathogen in the stool

What is the incubation of TB?

2-10 weeks after exposure

What is the transmission mode of TB?

Airborne transmission of TB bacteria in droplets from infectious person, prolonged close contact

What is the period of communicability of TB?

Not communicable after 2-4 weeks on effective medication regimen

What is the timeline for reporting Hep A and pertussis?

Within 24hrs

What is the timeline for reporting chlamydia and gonorrhea?

Within 5 business days

What is a pandemic?

When disease growth is exponential (how far it geographically goes; crosses international boundaries and is unpredictable)

What is an endemic?

Refers to the constant presence of a disease within a geographic area or a population

What is an epidemic?

Refers to the occurrence of disease in a community or region in excess of normal expectancy

What are medical mistrust strategies?

Show authentic representation, vaccine messaging should acknowledge systemic racism as a justifiable reason for mistrust before providing vaccine education, engage trusted community leaders in public health campaigns