Properties of Solutions and Chemical Reactions

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to properties of solutions and chemical reactions.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture of two or more pure substances.

Colloid

A suspension of particles larger than individual ions or molecules, but too small to be settled out by gravity.

Suspension

A heterogeneous mixture where particles can settle out or separate.

Tyndall Effect

The scattering of light by colloidal particles.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture that has a uniform composition throughout.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture with a non-uniform composition.

Solute

The substance that is dissolved in a solution.

Solvent

The substance that dissolves the solute to form a solution.

Saturated Solution

A solution that holds as much solute as is possible at a given temperature.

Unsaturated Solution

A solution that can still dissolve more solute at a given temperature.

Supersaturated Solution

A solution that holds more solute than is typically possible at a certain temperature.

Endothermic Process

A process that absorbs energy, leading to a decrease in temperature.

Exothermic Process

A process that releases energy, leading to an increase in temperature.

Colligative Properties

Properties that depend on the number of solute particles, not on their identity.

Osmosis

The movement of solvent from an area of high to low solvent concentration through a semipermeable membrane.

Osmotic Pressure

The pressure required to stop osmosis.

Molarity (M)

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Molality (m)

The number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

Empirical Formula

The simplest whole number ratio of elements in a compound.

Molecular Formula

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of a compound.

Limiting Reactant

The reactant that is completely consumed in a reaction, limiting the amount of product formed.

Percent Yield

The ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage.

Raoult’s Law

A principle stating that the vapor pressure of a solution is dependent on the mole fraction of the solvent.

Balancing Chemical Equations

The process of ensuring that the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of a chemical reaction.

Double Replacement Reaction

A reaction where elements in compounds trade places.

Physical Change

A change that does not alter the chemical composition of a substance.

Chemical Change

A change that results in the formation of new chemical substances.

Hydrate

A substance that contains water molecules in its crystal structure.

Mole Fraction (X)

The ratio of the number of moles of a component to the total number of moles in a mixture.