AP Psychology: Topic 4.1 - Attribution Theory and Person Perception

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17 Terms

1

Attributions

refers to how individuals perceive the causes of everyday experience, as being either external to themselves or internal

<p>refers to how individuals perceive the causes of everyday experience, as being either external to themselves or internal</p>
2

Dispositional attributions

refers to attributing someone's behavior to their personality or character

<p>refers to attributing someone's behavior to their personality or character</p>
3

Situational attributions

when a person believes an event is caused by factors that are outside of themselves (external attribution)

<p>when a person believes an event is caused by factors that are outside of themselves (external attribution)</p>
4

Explanatory style

how people explain to themselves why they experience a particular event-- this can either be categorized as positive (optimistic) or negative (pessimistic)

<p>how people explain to themselves why they experience a particular event-- this can either be categorized as positive (optimistic) or negative (pessimistic)</p>
5

Optimistic explanatory style

the perspective that a challenging situation is temporary, there are aspects the person can control, and it's not their fault

<p>the perspective that a challenging situation is temporary, there are aspects the person can control, and it's not their fault</p>
6

Pessimistic explanatory style

the tendency to explain bad events in a self-blaming manner, viewing the causes as global (affecting many aspects of life), stable (likely to happen again) and internal (caused by the self)

<p>the tendency to explain bad events in a self-blaming manner, viewing the causes as global (affecting many aspects of life), stable (likely to happen again) and internal (caused by the self)</p>
7

Fundamental attribution error

the tendency to overemphasize personal characteristics and ignore situational factors in judging others' behavior

<p>the tendency to overemphasize personal characteristics and ignore situational factors in judging others' behavior</p>
8

Actor/observer bias

the tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal causes, while attributing our own behavior to external causes

<p>the tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal causes, while attributing our own behavior to external causes</p>
9

Self-serving bias

the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors

<p>the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors</p>
10

Internal locus of control

the belief that an individual has control over their own actions and outcomes in life

<p>the belief that an individual has control over their own actions and outcomes in life</p>
11

External locus of control

the perception that chance or outside forces beyond one's control determine their fate

<p>the perception that chance or outside forces beyond one's control determine their fate</p>
12

Mere exposure effect

the tendency of people to like things or people they are exposed to more often rather than things they have only been exposed to a few times

<p>the tendency of people to like things or people they are exposed to more often rather than things they have only been exposed to a few times</p>
13

Self-fulfilling prophecy

a prediction that motivates a person's behavior to cause itself to become true

<p>a prediction that motivates a person's behavior to cause itself to become true</p>
14

Social comparison

when an individual evaluates their abilities and attitudes based on how they see themselves in comparison to others

<p>when an individual evaluates their abilities and attitudes based on how they see themselves in comparison to others</p>
15

Upward social comparison

comparing oneself with someone who is perceived as being better in a particular area

<p>comparing oneself with someone who is perceived as being better in a particular area</p>
16

Downward social comparison

comparing oneself with someone who is perceived as being worse in a particular area

<p>comparing oneself with someone who is perceived as being worse in a particular area</p>
17

Relative deprivation

A perception by an individual that they are not doing well (e.g., wealth, social status) in comparison to others

<p>A perception by an individual that they are not doing well (e.g., wealth, social status) in comparison to others</p>