Sociology test 2

What refers to a small group characterized by intimate, face to face association and cooperation?

Primary Groups

What is the impersonal groups in which there is little social intimacy or mutual understanding?

Secondary Group

Any group or categories to which people feel they belong is called?

In groups

Any group or category to which people feel they do not belong is calle?

Out Groups

What is small enough for members to interact on regular basis?

Small Group

Special purpose group designed and structured for maximum efficiency?

Formal Organization

Component of formal organization which rules and hierarchical ranking are used to achieve efficiency?

Bureaucracy

What is an interactive process involving people’s behavior?

Deviance

Who quoted “Born Criminal Types”?

Lombroso

Who said criminals are organically inferior to normal people?

Horton

Who described “Body Types” as mesomorphis-criminal

Sheldon

What focuses on personality development, motives, learning, and emotional states?

Psychological

What emphasizes that deviance is an interactive process whereby acts are defined and sustained as deviant?

Labeling Theory

What assumes that deviance is learned through the same process as other behaviors?

Sociocultural Learning Theories

What are the 6 types of crime?

Professional Crime

Organized Crime

White Collar Crime

Street Crime

Victimless Crime

Property Crime

What is Professional Crime?

Career Criminals

What is Organized Crime

Illegal Groups

What is White Collar Crime?

Crimes in business activity

What is Street Crime?

Traditional individual crime

What is Victimless Crime?

Willing exchange between two individuals

What is Property Crime?

Crime Against Property

What is a social position assigned to a person without regard for that person’s unique characteristics or talents?

Ascribed Status

What is a social position attained by a person largely through his or her own effort?

Achieved Status

What is the most extreme form of legalized social inequality?

Slavery

What are hereditary systems of rank?

Castes

Who said class differentiation is the crucial determinant of social, economic, and political inequality?

Karl Marx

Opportunities to provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable life experiences is called?

Life Chances

What is a position influenced by individual achievement?

Open System

What social placement is based on ascribed status?

Closed System

What is the scientific study of the aging process?

Gerontology

What is a love and respect for the aged?

Gerontophilia

What is an unreasonable fear of aging that is manifested by hatred of or revulsion toward old people?

Gerontophobia

What is the distribution of society’s resources and rewards fairly across generations?

Intergenerational Equity

What is mutually benefiting initiatives that increases the cooperation between two generations?

Intergenerational Exchange

What age does one become eligible for full Social Security benefits and Medicine in the US?

65

What system is practiced in the U.S.?

Open System

Based on how people look and how they perform is called?

Functional Age

The highest number of years any member of a species has been known to survive is called?

Life Span