Chapter 14 Flashcards

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts in the nervous system, including structures, functions, and physiological processes.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Consists of nerves that lie outside the CNS.

Neuron types

Sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons.

Action Potential

An electrochemical signal that transmits information within a neuron.

Neurotransmitter

Chemical messengers that transmit signals across a synapse.

Synapse

The junction between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite or cell body of another.

Myelin Sheath

Protective covering of axons, formed by Schwann cells in the PNS.

Saltatory Conduction

A method of action potential propagation in myelinated axons.

Reflex Arc

The neural pathway that mediates a reflex action.

PNS Ganglia

Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS.

Meningitis

Infection of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.

Resting Potential

The electrical charge difference across a neuron's membrane when it is not transmitting a signal.

Somatic Nervous System

Part of the PNS that controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles.

Autonomic Nervous System

Part of the PNS that regulates involuntary control of organ systems.

Sympathetic Division

Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for 'fight or flight' responses.

Parasympathetic Division

Part of the autonomic nervous system that promotes 'rest and digest' activities.

Cerebrum

The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher brain functions.

Limbic System

The brain region associated with emotions and memory.