DNA/RNA Whole Unit

Nucleic Acid

Macromolecule that hold genetic information

Nucleotides

Monomer that makes up nucleic acids. Made of sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base

Adenine

"A" nucleotide that pairs with Thymine in DNA and Uracil in RNA

Thymine

"T" nucleotide that pairs with Adenine

Guanine

"G" nucleotide that pairs with Cytosine

Cytosine

"C" nucleotide that pairs with Guanine

DNA Replication

Making a copy of DNA

DNA

Genetic information that is passed down to offspring

DNA Polymerase

Enzyme that attaches base pairs during DNA replication

mRNA

Messenger RNA that carries copies of instructions for amino acids from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome

Nucleus

Control center of cell where DNA is found

rRNA

Ribosomal RNA that binds to the ribosomes to make proteins

tRNA

Transfer RNA that carries individual amino acids to a ribosome to make a chain of proteins

Ribosome

Cell organelle where proteins are made

Amino Acid

Monomer of protein

Transcription

Making RNA from a DNA template

Codon

A group of 3 nucleotides in mRNA that codes for an amino acid

Translation

mRNA is decoded into an amino acid sequence to make a protein

Mutation

A change in the genetic material

Point Mutation

Change in a single base pair in the DNA strand

Frameshift Mutation

Shifts how the DNA is read because of an insertion or deletion of a nucleotide

Uracil

"U" pairs with Adenine in RNA

Silent Mutation

Point mutation that does not change the amino acid coded for

RNA Polymerase

Enzyme that adds RNA nucleotides during transcription

Phosphate group

in the backbone of a nucleic acid and bound to the sugar

nitrogenous base

molecule in the middle of the nucleic acid that is either A, T, G, C, or U

Deoxyribose

sugar in DNA

Ribose

sugar in RNA