science vocab 1

proton

positive subatomic particle/molecule

nuetron

nuetral subatomic particle/molecule

electron

negative subatomic particle/molecule

atom

the basic unit of a chemical element

molecule

atoms bonded together

organelle

any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.

cell

Basic unit of life

tissue

group of similar cells that perform a particular function

organ

group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions

organ system

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

organism

A living thing

population

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

community

All the different populations that live together in an area

ecosystem

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

biomes

type of ecosystem characterized by climate and soil conditions and a distinctive kind of biological community adapted to those conditions.

biosphere

Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere.

atomic number

the # of protons in the nucleus & # of electrons around nucelous

atomic mass

protons+neutrons rounded

valence electrons

electrons on the outside of the atom

octet rule

atoms "want" 8 outer electrons

heredity

ability to pass traits onto offspring

evolution

changes in species over time to become better fitted to their environment

metabolism

the need for enery to survive

homeostasis

ability to maintain a stable internal condition

DNA

the genetic information, all living things consist of this

asexual reproduction

Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself

sexual reproduction

A reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents

binary fission

A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size

stimuli

changes in the environment

domain

larger, more inclusive category than a kingdom

kingdom

First and largest category used to classify organisms

phylum

class

in classification, a group of closely related orders

order

Group of similar families

family

Group of genus that share many characteristics

genus

A group of similar species

species

a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.

scientific name

genus and species

unicellular

A single celled organism

multicellular

Made up of two or more cells

autotroph

an organism that makes food for itself

heterotroph

An organism that cannot make its own food.

prokaryote

unicellular organism lacking a nucleus

Eukaryote

organism whose cells contain a nucleus

order of classification

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

archaebacteria

unicellular, eukaryote, ancient

protista

uni/mutlicellular, eukaryote

eubacteria

unicellular, prokaryote

plantate

autotroph, cell wall

fungi

heterotroph, decomposer, cell wall

anamalia

heterotroph

black earth

no living things, were rocks

grey earth

no living things, too hot for liquid h2o

blue earth

cooled down, was liquid h20, ocean form

red earth

oxygen produced & combine with iron = rust high oxygen was toxic

white earth

temp drops, snowy/icy, volcanoes w/ bacteria, Co2 drops

green earth

co2 increase from volcanoes, sunlight, life expands, ocean full of o2 → ozone layer

antibodies

stick to virus&prevent spread, clump virus tg, attract wbc

antigens

remains of virus, infect healthy cells, multiply

helper t cells

wbc, protect body, part of immune system

killer t cells

attack virus infected cells, wbc

b cells

create antibodies, wbc

macrophages

eat virus, wbc

bacteria

made of cells, DNA, reproduce, grow

virus

made of protein,RNA&DNA(not cells), mutate over time&reprouduce(need host)ex. covid-19

prion

made of protein(not cells),not require energy, mutate&spread easily, cause brain damage, cause proteins to change shape~ex. mad cow disease

viroid

made of RNA(not cells), infect plants, need host to reproduce, take over cells&they reproduce, not require energy, mutate&spread easily~ex. potato spindle tuber disease

pathogen

substance or living thing that makes you sick

circulatory

moves oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, blood cells, & glucose all around body

digestive

breaks down food & absorbs energy, vitamins, minerals & water into body

respiratory

takes oxygen into body & releases carbon dioxide from body

endocrine

glands release hormones which trigger changes throughout body

excratory

removing toxins & excess water from bloodstreams & allowing them to leave body

muscle

allow for movement by attatching to bones

nervous

sends & receives signals to & from body from outside world, coordinates all body systems

atomic number

protons+electrons

atomic mass

protons-neutrons (rounded)

monomer

building block

polymer

finished product

biomolelcules

carobohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

sub-

below/less than

auto-

self

-troph

feeding/nourishing

hetero

other/different

pro-

primitive/early

eu-

modern,advanced,complex

uni-

one/single

multi

two or more/many

achae

old,ancient,primitive

macro

visible to the eye

phage

one who eats/consumes

anti

against,opposite of

mono

one/singular

poly

many

di-

two

ose

type of sugar molecule