Chapter 24: Quiz - 6th Edition: Cardiothoracic Surgery

Which of the following instruments has the appearance of a misshapen pancake spatula?

Davidson scapula retractor

Which of the following types of incisions is made for a pneumonectomy?

posterolateral

Which of the following instruments is a crushing clamp with sharp spikes in the jaw used on
the bronchus?

Sarot

For which of the following procedures would the rigid bronchoscope be preferred?

removal of foreign body in children

Which of the following instruments is a rib shear?

Bethune

Which of the following instruments is a commonly used rib self-retaining retractor available
in adult and pediatric sizes?

Finochietto

Which of the following instruments is a lung-grasping forceps that resembles a very large
Pennington?

Lovelace

Following lung transplantation, the surgeon will perform which of the following procedures to aspirate secretions and check for leaks?

bronchoscopy

The main bronchi, pulmonary arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels enter the lung on the
medial surface through the:

hilum.

How many pulmonary veins are there?

Four

Which of the following statements regarding the anatomical placement of the heart is
CORRECT?

It is positioned in the mediastinum with approximately two-thirds of the heart on the
left side.

Which of the following structures is considered the “pacemaker” of the heart?

SA node

Which of the following chambers of the heart is responsible for pumping blood into the pulmonary artery?

right ventricle

Which of the following portions of the heart is responsible for pumping blood into the ascending aorta?

left ventricle

Lung tissue has which of the following kinds of consistency?

friable

The coronary arteries originate from the:

ascending aorta.

The name of the area between the visceral and parietal pleura that contains serous fluid to prevent friction is the:

pleural space.

The thickest part of the heart is the:

myocardium

The apex of the heart within the mediastinum is located:

inferiorly on the left side.

Which of the following choices is NOT one of the cardiac valves?

a.

aortic

b.

mitral

c.

septal

d.

tricuspid

septal

Which of the following heart valves is also known as the bicuspid valve?

mitral

The apex of the lung is located:

superiorly and just above the clavicle.

All of the following are components of the “heart-lung machine” EXCEPT the:

a.

pump.

b.

oxygenator.

c.

defibrillator.

d.

heat
exchanger.

defibrillator.

The cannulae are MOST commonly placed for cardiopulmonary bypass procedures in the:

right atrium and ascending aorta.

Which of the following methods is commonly used to preserve the heart by reducing its metabolic needs?

hypothermia

Which of the following nerves could be damaged during lung decortication, resulting in paralysis or partial paralysis of the diaphragm?

phrenic

Which of the following suturing techniques maintains the aortic and venous cannula?

purse-string

The first step in the formation of an atheroma is:

injury to endothelial lining.

Which of the following factors is the main underlying pathogenic cause of coronary
atherosclerosis and clinical manifestations?

ischemia (low blood and oxygen supply)

Which of the following arteries accounts for approximately 50% of occlusive coronary lesions?

left anterior descending

The name of the acute condition in which heart muscle dies from ischemia and may lead to sudden cardiac death is:

myocardial infarction.

A Swan-Ganz catheter is placed in the:

pulmonary artery.

Which of the following sutures is frequently used for anastomosis of the saphenous vein or
internal mammary artery in CABG?

6-0 or 7-0 polypropylene

Which of the following instruments is used to make a small opening into the ascending aorta after the Satinsky partial occlusion clamp is placed?

aortic punch

Medtronic OCTOPUS® and Guidant Ultima OPCAB® are which of the following types of devices for coronary artery bypass done off-pump?

stabilizers

The name of the device used for patients who are unable to be weaned off of cardiopulmonary
bypass is:

intra-aortic balloon pump.

In which of the following procedures would an incision NOT be required for insertion of the endoscope?

bronchoscopy

Which of the following choices is a singular congenital defect that involves failure of closure of the connection between the pulmonary artery and aorta?

patent ductus arteriosus

Which of the following choices is frequently used to repair atrial and ventricular septal defects in pediatric patients?

Dacron patch

Which of the following congenital defects has four components and is characterized by cyanosis causing appearance of “blue babies”?

tetralogy of Fallot

Venous access is typically obtained for pacemaker insertion:

through a percutaneous approach at the junction of the first rib and clavicle.

The purpose of the pacing system analyzer during the procedure is to:

measure pacing and sensing thresholds.

Which of the following structures within the respiratory tract is the proximal and superior?

larynx

The primary function of an ECMO machine is to:

provide temporary support to the heart and
lungs.

Which of the following terms is used for the final branching of the respiratory tree?

alveoli

The manubrium, body, and xiphoid process are portions of the:

sternum

Video-assisted thoracic surgery procedures use carbon dioxide for distention.

False

The ventricles of the heart have thicker myocardium than the atria.

True

The drainage and collection device attached to chest tubes relies on a water seal to reestablish
negative pressure in the pleural cavity

True

Dual-chamber pacemaker is the most common type of the permanent pacemaker.

True

The arterial cannula for ECMO is inserted through the left femoral artery and advancing into
the descending aorta.

False

All of the following structures are found within the mediastinum EXCEPT the:

a.

heart.

b.

thymus.

c.

esophagus.

d.

diaphragm.

diaphragm.

Which of the following membranes covers the surface of the lungs?

visceral pleura

Which of the following choices is the medical term for coughing up blood?

hemoptysis

How many lobes are there in the right lung?

three

In which of the following parts of the respiratory system does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place?

alveoli

Which of the following choices regarding the direction of blood flow is correct?

right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left
atrium

The name of the device that is attached to suction for collection of mucous or bronchial washing specimens is the:

Lukens tube.

The medical term for visible changes in density on a chest X-ray that indicates pulmonary
pathology is:

infiltrate.

Thymomas, neurogenic tumors, and pleuropericardial cysts can be biopsied during which of the following procedures?

mediastinoscopy

The insertion point for the mediastinoscope is the:

suprasternal notch.

How many ribs are considered “true” ribs with direct connection to the sternum with costal cartilage?

seven

The name of an irregular bulge (air-filled sac) that has the appearance of a blister on the surface of lung tissue is the:

bleb

In the event that a VATS procedure had to be converted to an open procedure, which of the following open cases would be performed?

thoracotomy

Which of the following choices will be required upon completion of any procedure in which the pleural cavity has been opened?

chest tube attached to a Pleur-evac system

Which of the following additional pain control measures is taken for patients undergoing pectus excavatum repair by VATS?

epidural

The name of the procedure performed to release constriction of the lungs by fibrin layers is:

lung decortication.

The name of the condition created when pus is not cleared from the pleural cavity and makes a fibrous constrictive layer is:

empyema.

Prior to the closure of a lobectomy procedure, the anesthesia provider performs a Valsalva maneuver to check for:

air leakage from bronchial closure.

The term for a collapsed lung is:

atelectasis.