Chapter 20 fr

COOH binded to alkane/

oic + acid at the end

ring + COOH

carboxylic acid at the end

Nitriles or C=/N

can either be attached to alkane or ring just add nitirle at the end

Carboxylic acid

more acidic then phenols and donate H+

low pKa

more acidic/ ewg increases acidity

making carboxylic acid

primary and secondary alkyl groups + KMnO4 leads to carboxylic acid/ primary alochols and aldehydes + CrO3/Nitrile and H3O leads to carboxylic acid/ Grignard + CO2

C=/N

LiAlH4 →leads to amine → fully reduces → R–CH₂–NH₂ (amine)/ grignard leads to ketone Grignard (R–MgBr)

→ adds carbon → after workup → ketone

Prepartation on nitrile

sn2 reaction of cn with primary or secondary alkyl halideR–X + CN⁻ → R–C≡N (SN2, primary best)/ or primary amide being dehydratedR–CONH₂ + SOCl₂ → R–C≡N (dehydration)

Nitriles to carboxylic acid

hydrolized with acid or base twice