lecture 3 pelvic limb part 1

equine pelvic limb sparks

how is the pelvis connected to the trunk

through a bony connection via the sacroiliac joint and with the pelvic limb via the coxal joint

what is the pelvis comprised of

left and right os coxae that are joined at the ventral midline by the pelvic symphysis

each os coxae is comprised of 3 bones what are they

ilium

ischium

pubis

what is the red

tuber sacrale (sacral tuber)

what is the blue

tuber coxae (caxal tuber)

what is the green

tuber ischii (ischial tuber, ischiatic tuberosity)

what is 1

tuber sacrale

what is 2

tuber coxae

what makes up the wing of the ilium

tuber sacrale and tuber coxae

what is 3

tuber ischii

what is 4

greater trochanter

where is the greater trochanter caudal part located

2/3 of distance between tuber coxae and tuber ischii

what is the red line

slope of pelvis

what is A

base of tail

what is B

anus

what bone prominence is found at C

ischial arch

what is D

vulva

what boundary is E

superficial boundary of perineum

what muscle is F

semimembranosus m.

what boney prominence is G

tuber ischii

how do horses sacrotuberous ligament compare to canine

horses are very broad and tehye attach to ischiatic spine

what is the yellow

ventral border known as the pecten pubis. this is located between the pubic tubercle and iliopubic eminence

what is the green

lateral border known as arcuate line this ridge extends between the iliopubic eminence and the auricular surface of the ilium

what is the blue

sacral promontory and wing of sacrum

what is A

wing of sacrum

what is B

sacral promontory

what is C

Psoas Tuberosity

what is D

iliopubic eminence

what is E

pubic tubercle

what is yellow on this

greater trochanter w

what is affiliated with the cranial part of the greater trochanter

trochanteric bursa

what is yellow

third trochanter

what is yellow

trochlea

what is the trochlea comprised of

medial and lateral ridges with a deep depression

which trochlear ridge is larger

medial

what is A

gliding surface

what is B

resting surface

what is C

resting surface

what is blue

extensor groove

what is the blue star

extensor fossa

what is blue

extensor groove

where does the long digital extensor m. originate from

extensor fossa of the femur and passes throug hte extensor groove of the tibia

what other muscle outside of the long digital extensor m. also passes through the extensor groove

peroneus (fibularis) tertius

what is the yellow

supracondylar fossa

what is the arrow pointing to

lateral supracondylar tuberosity

what is special about the fibula in horses

it is reduced not elongated

what is the yellow

lateral malleolus

the intermediate ridge and cochlear grooves of the tibia are oblique orientation what does this allow

outward rotation of pes upon flexion of tibiotalar joint

why is the oblique orientation of the tibia important

crucial for balancing the signifiant forces generated during fast running

what is the weight bearing digit for the pes

3

what is the tarsus made up of

▪ Fused tarsal bones I & II articulate with MT II & III

▪ Tarsal bone III articulates with MT III

▪ Tarsal bone IV articulates with MT III & IV

what is the metatarsus made up of

▪ MT III (cannon bone)

▪ MT II and IV (medial/lateral splint bones)

what is the digit made up of

▪ Proximal phalanx (P1, long pastern)

▪ Middle phalanx (P2, short pastern)

▪ Distal phalanx (P3, coffin)w

what are the sesamoid bones of the pes and where are they found

▪ Proximal, paired (at metatarsophalangeal jt.)

▪ Distal (at distal interphalangeal jt.)

what is 1

greater trochanter

what is 2

third trochanter

what is 3

patella

what is 4

tibial tuberosity

what is 5

tibial crest

what is 6

medial malleolus

what is 7

lateral malleolus

what is 8

tuber calcaneii

what is this

sacroiliac joint

excessive strain of the sacroiliac joint can lead to

hunter’s bump due to ligament tears and dislocation

what is the coxal joint articulation of

femoral head with acetabulum of os coxae

what is a deep depression that receives the head of the femur in formation of the coxal joint

acetabulum

what is the acetabulum composed of

ilium, ischium, pubis, and acetabular bone

what is the labrum

the fibrocartilage that extends from the rim of the acetabulum

what is the acetabulum in life spanned by

transverse acetabular ligament

what is the articular surface of the acetabulum

semilunar

what is the attachment site of the ligament of the femoral head

acetabular fossa

what is the purple

semilunar

what is the star

acetabular fossa

where do the femoral ligaments pass

deep to the transverse acetabular ligament and insert on the fovea capitis of the heaad of the femur

the ligament of femoral head extends from what to what

fovea capitis of femur to acetabular fossa

what does the accessory ligament detach from

prepubic tendon

what is the main purposes of accessory ligament

restricts movement and stablizes the jointT

T/F coxal joint luxations are very common

false they are rare

what kind of joint is the stifle joint

compound jointw

what joints are within the stifle joint

▪ Femorotibial articulation

▪ Femoropatellar articulation

▪ Proximal tibiofibular articulation

bony articular surfaces of the stifle joint are

incongruent and unstable

what is A

medial collateral ligament

what is B

medial meniscus

what is C

caudal cruciate ligament

what is D

meniscofemoral ligament

what is E

popliteus m.

what is F

lateral collateral ligament

in the horse the patella is attached to the tibial tuberosity by what 3 patellar ligaments

medial, intermediate (middle), lateral

what is found between the medial patellar ligament and patella

parapatellar fibrocartilage

what is the parapatellar fibrocartilage important for

patellar locking mechanism

what is the blue star

parapatellar fibrocartilage

what forms a loop around the medial trochlear ridge of the femur

medial, intermediate patellar ligament

patella and parapatellar fibrocartilage

what does the loop around the medial trochlear ridge of the femur aid in

locking of the patella on the resting surface of the tubercle of the medial trochlear ridge of the femur

what are the two synovial compartments of the femorotibial joint

medial and lateral

what compartments of the synovial compartment of stifle joint usually communicate

femoropatellar and medial femortibial

what compartments of the synovial compartment of the stifle joint sometimes communicate (25%)

femoropatellar and lateral femorotibialwh

what synovial compartments of the stifle joint never communicate

medial femorotibial and lateral femorotibial

what is the located between the joint capsule of the femoropatellar joint and the patellar ligaments

fat pad

what can be used for locating patellar ligaments

tibial tuberosity

what joint is peach

tibotarsal joint (btwn tibia and talus)