2.4 Encoding memories

mnemonics

learning aids, strategies, and devices that improve recall through the use of retrieval cues

Chunking

organizing items into familiar, manageable units

method of loci

use of familiar locations as cues to recall items that have been associated with them

Hierarchies

composed of a few broad concepts divided and subdivided into narrower concepts and facts

spacing effect

information is retained better if there is a longer period of time between sessions or relearning

Massed practice

a practice schedule in which studying continues for long periods, without interruption

The serial position effect

our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list