Kinesiology Vocab and Notes -- Unit 5 p.2

Heartbeat

The rhythmical contraction of the wall of the heart (pulse in a distal area)

Heart Rate

The number of times the heart beats in a minute

Cardiac Output

The amount of blood that flows to the peripheral circulation (the entire body)

Carotid and Radial

What are the most common sites for pulse?

1. Temporal artery

2. Carotid

3. Apical Pulse

4. Branchial

5. Radial

6. Femoral

7. Popliteal

8. Posterior tibial artery

9. Pedal (Dorsalis Pedis)

Where can one check the pulse in the body?

60-100 bpm

What is the average heart rate?

1. Enters from SVC/IVC

2. Right Atrium

3. Tricuspid Valve

4. Right Ventricle

5. Pulmonary Valve

6. Pulmonary Artery

   • Goes to the lungs for oxygenation

7. Pulmonary vein

8. Left atrium

9. Bicuspid Valve

10. Left ventricle

11. Aortic valve

12. Aorta

    • Travels to the entire body

What is the journey of a drop of blood?

Heart attack

Circulation problem, typically a blockage in an artery

• Damaged or Killed cardiac tissue is known as acute coronary syndrome

Cardiac Arrest

Electrical problem, typically caused by an irregular heartbeat (ventricular fibrillation)

The widowmaker

Left Anterior Descending artery (LAD)

• Supplies the left chamber, meaning an issue is fatal as it interrupts blood flow to the entire body.

1. Nausea/vomiting

2. Jaw/neck/back/chest pain

3. Shortness of breath

What are the common symptoms of a heart attack?

• Varies in Men vs. Women

• Fainting, indigestion, and extreme fatigue

What are the symptoms of a heart attack in women?

1. Arteries

2. Veins

3. Capillaries

What is the peripheral circulatory system composed of?

Arteries

Branch into arterioles and then into capillaries.

• Carry blood away from the heart (Oxygenated)

Capillaries

Allow for the exchange of oxygen and nutrients

• Blood picks up waste products (co2)

• Width of ONE RBC

Veins

Capillaries connect to form larger vessels into VENULES, which then merge into VEINS

• Contain valves that prevent back-flow and helps blood return to the heart against the flow of gravity.

Soleus + gastrocnemius

What is the second heart of the body?

• Helps get blood back to the heart

Blood Pressure

One of the vital signs and is made up of two numbers

• Systole/Diastole

Systole

Pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts

• High during intense movement

Diastole

Pressure in the arteries when the heart is resting

120/80

What is the normal blood pressure?

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

Transports oxygen from the lungs to tissues and CO2 from the body back to the lungs

• Lifespan of 90-120 days (3-4 months)

Hermatocrit

The percentage of blood made up of RBC (should be 45%)

Hemoglobin

A molecule made up of proteins and iron

• Can bond and transport 4 oxygen molecules (oxygen or co2)

Erythropoietin

What hormone stimulates rbc production in the red bone marrow?

• Oxygenated: Bright red

• Deoxygenated: Deep Red

NO!

IS your blood ever blue?

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

A by-product of metabolism and, once formed, transports to the lungs

• Dissolves into blood plasma

• Bonds to the hemoglobin molecule through partial pressure

1. Plasma (55%)

2. White blood cells and platelets (1%)

3. Red Blood Cells (45%)

What is the composition of blood?